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Lecture notes, cheat sheets
History of state and law of foreign countries. Roman State (most important)
Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets Table of contents (expand) Roman state Slave state of Rome - the largest in the ancient world. Its economic basis was the exploitation of slaves and small landowners. It was here that the famous legal system was created, the basis of which was the carefully developed institution of private property. The history of Ancient Rome is divided into several periods: 1) Royal - the era of the tribal system (until the 6th century BC uh.) 2) Republic (VI-I centuries BC uh.) 3) Empires (I century BC e. - V century n. uh.). This period is also divided into principate and dominance. When considering this issue, we note that the history of Ancient Rome goes back to VIII or start 7th century BC uh. The appearance of the first ancestral villages on the 7 Roman hills dates back to this time. The basis of economic life here was first cattle breeding, then agriculture. Accordingly, the ancient cults professed here are the cults of pastoral gods and goddesses: 1) the goddess of reproduction of cattle; 2) goddesses - patrons of young animals, etc. During this period, a transition from bronze to iron took place, and a plow driven by oxen appeared. Construction, weaving, pottery production, etc. are becoming well known. The city's population consists of two main groups. 1. Roman citizens, so called patricians. They were full citizens, divided into three tribes. Each tribe consisted of 100 clans. Every 10 births formed curia. The curiae had common land holdings, obtained, according to legend, when the legendary Roman river (king) Romulus divided the Roman land into 30 parts - according to the number of curiae (leaving part of it common for the entire city). Like the births, the curiae had their own special holidays; periodic common meals of the curiat were practiced. Each curia had its own leader, met in meetings to decide its internal affairs, and spoke with a single opinion at the general meeting of all 30 curiae (where each of them had, by tradition, one vote). The General People's Assembly of the Roman community, the comitia curiata, accepted or rejected bills proposed to it, elected all senior officials, acted as the highest court of appeal in deciding the issue of the death penalty, and declared war. Matters of direct administration, the development of bills, and the conclusion of peace were within the competence of the Roman council of elders - the Senate. It consisted of the elders of all 300 clans and therefore was called so (from “Seneca” - old, oldest). These elders constituted the hereditary aristocracy of the Roman community, since the custom had taken root according to which they were chosen from the same family of each clan. Military leadership, high priestly and some judicial functions belonged to the king (rex) elected by the assembly of curiae. 2. Plebei - not the indigenous population of ancient Rome. The origins of the plebeians are unclear and controversial. What is certain is that they stood outside the clan organization and therefore could not take part in the management of the community. But they were freely engaged in agriculture, crafts, and trade. Plebeians were personally free, performed military service on an equal basis with patricians, and paid taxes. Commercial and industrial wealth was concentrated mainly in their hands. When, over time, the land fund of Rome, which consisted of virgin lands adjacent to the city, was exhausted (due to population growth) and Rome turned to a policy of conquest, the plebeians were not allowed to divide the captured territory. The land question was intertwined with the question of the political rights of the plebeians. Acute conflicts followed, leading to radical reforms. Author: Selyanin A.V. << Back: Revolution in China 1911 >> Forward: America's conquest
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