History of state and law of foreign countries. Reconstruction Acts. Congress (most important)

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History of state and law of foreign countries. Reconstruction Acts. Congress (most important)

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Acts of reconstruction. Congress

As a continuation of the developments of the civil war in USA between North and South, direct sabotage by the southern states forced Congress to pass a series of laws aimed at restoring the union state. A revolutionary Reconstruction Committee was created, representatives of the rebellious states were excluded from the membership of Congress. Even during the war, Congress decided to confiscate the lands of the rebels and deprive them of the right to vote.

March 2, 1867 The first Reconstruction Act divided the rebellious states into military districts, and their commanders were given broad powers. Federal troops were again sent there. Negroes in these states received civil and political rights. Revolutionary governments appeared on the territory of the former confederation. From the legislative assemblies of the southern states, from the administrative and judicial posts under the control of the emissaries of the North, the most fanatical slave owners were expelled.

It should be noted that after the civil war in USA the separatism of the southerners was finally broken, the unity of the American state was completely restored. The war of the North against the South had a progressive, liberation significance. Destroying slavery and separatism in the southern states, the ode contributed to the consolidation of independence USA. FROM 1890 to 1910 in the southern states, new constitutions and laws were adopted, gradually depriving blacks of many of the rights they had received during the years of Reconstruction.

In this period of history in the economic development of the southern states, two main trends were revealed:

1) the evolution of small, independent peasant farms along the path of their transformation into commodity, capitalist ones;

2) the evolution of the large plantations that have survived and are now cultivated by sharecroppers.

The civil war between the North and the South somewhat increased the centralization of power, but only in a certain respect. The executive branch, headed by the president, consisted of only four departments:

1) foreign affairs;

2) military;

3) financial;

4) internal affairs.

The peculiarity of political history USA is that these processes almost did not affect the Constitution. AT late XNUMXth and early XNUMXth centuries. in only 2 amendments were made to it: the 16th expanded the rights of Congress in the field of taxes, the 17th introduced the election of senators from the population of the states. Meanwhile, the role of the federal Congress is becoming more significant. Electoral rules for congressional elections were drawn up not by federal bodies, but by state legislatures. Numerous qualifications (settlement, property, education, etc.) closed access to elections for a large mass of citizens. The House of Representatives could itself deprive a legally elected deputy of his powers. AT 1900 BC she expelled a socialist deputy from her membership on the grounds that he was allegedly a polygamist. The procedure for passing bills is becoming more complicated. Dozens of committees and commissions are formed at the chambers. The fate of the bill also depended on the upper house - the Senate. Unlike the lower house, which was fully re-elected every two years, the Senate was re-elected only after six years. Formally, members of the Senate were considered as plenipotentiaries of the state. The state from which he was elected must be added to the name of the senator. The elite of the rich fell into this body. It is no coincidence that it was called the House of Millionaires. The work of the Senate was controlled by a narrow group - the elite of the Senate. By tradition (the rule of seniority), those who had the longest tenure in them were appointed chairmen of committees and commissions. This guaranteed that the most conservative members would receive such posts.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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