History of state and law of foreign countries. Bourgeois revolution in England (most important)

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History of state and law of foreign countries. Bourgeois revolution in England (most important)

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Bourgeois revolution in England

In considering this issue, we note that at the beginning XVII century. the development of capitalism in England was constrained by strict medieval rules. The most acute dissatisfaction was caused by the system of so-called monopolies. While the English bourgeoisie advocated free competition, the monarchs continued to sell patents for the monopoly production and sale of various goods and products. This kind of economic policy brought large revenues to the crown every year. In the countryside, feudal relations limited the ability to dispose of land property. The reign of the first Stuarts was marked by the desire to rely on the Catholic monarchs of continental Europe in their struggle with parliament. This policy was acceptable to the business community Englandwho represented the main support of the rulers. Further, their reign was marked by rapprochement with England's old colonial rival - Spain. This caused discontent among merchants and shipowners. AT 1625 BC ascended the throne Charles I he inherited the absolutist views of his father, who refused to recognize any rights for parliament. AT 1637 BC в Scotland an uprising broke out, sparked by the desire Charles I extend the absolutist order to this kingdom. As a result of these events, Parliament was convened several times. However, the situation continued to deteriorate. And in November 1640 the monarch had to convene the meeting then until 1653 BC new, so-called Long Parliament. The activity of the Long Parliament was perceived by the monarch as a signal for an immediate transition to a counterattack.

Charles I demanded that the House of Commons extradite the leaders of the opposition. Having been refused, the king tried to arrest his opponents himself. At this decisive moment, the people of London defended the opposition.

Charles I realized that the struggle with parliament would be difficult, so he fled to the north of the country, where he expected to get the support of the feudal nobility loyal to him. AT England the bourgeois revolution began. Its peculiarity was that the bourgeoisie, in alliance with the new nobility, fought against the monarchy, against the feudal nobility and against the ruling church. Summer 1642 Charles I declared war on parliament. The beginning of the war was marked by the victories of the royal troops - the poorly armed and untrained army of the parliament could not withstand their onslaught. However, in 1645 BC in a general battle Nezby the parliamentary army utterly defeated the royal army.

As a result of defeat Charles I fled to Scotland, and was soon issued to British officials. Power in the country actually passed into the hands of the army. The Independents, as representatives of the movement of the radical middle bourgeoisie and gentry, took advantage of this to crack down on the remaining supporters of the monarch. In this situation, they considered it possible to establish a republic. Representatives of the military masses demanded betrayal Charles I court.

The result of long events connected with the bourgeois revolution in England, a number of changes are being made in the state structure of England. Yes, in March 1648 The House of Lords was abolished "as a useless and dangerous institution for the English people." After the trial Charles I sentenced to death January 30, 1649 he was executed "as a tyrant, traitor, murderer and enemy of the good people of this nation". AT March 1649 The Act of Abolition of the Royal Title is passed. It stated that royal power was “useless, oppressive, and dangerous to the liberty, public safety, and public interest of the English nation.”

15 May 1640 England is officially declared a republic.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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