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Lecture notes, cheat sheets
History of state and law of foreign countries. Main trends in the development of the state (the most important)
Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets Table of contents (expand) The main trends in the development of the state В XX century. there is a clearly expressed tendency for the role of the state and law to increase in the life of society, which is caused by the complication of social relations at a higher level of the progressive movement of humanity; the increased social role of the state; expansion of ties between peoples while simultaneously exacerbating conflicts due to the unevenness of their economic, ethnic, and political development. The increased role of the state during the global economic crisis is especially noticeable. 1929-1933, during the First and Second World Wars, as well as in solving economic, scientific and technical problems of modern times. В XNUMXth century. the state, significance, effectiveness of the state and the rights of individual countries began to be strongly influenced by the ever-increasing information, cultural, economic ties established between the peoples of the world, as well as national, religious factors, reflecting the age and psycho-emotional differences of peoples. Progress as an increase in the level of specialization, differentiation in public administration also urgently required its implementation by specialized bodies and specially trained personnel, but it also limited the creative activity of the governed, their spiritual individuality. The processes of liberalization and democratization that have developed in the world in XX century., went in parallel with the establishment of totalitarian regimes, for example in Russia, Germany, as well as increasing control over society and the individual through government and semi-government parties, the media, in the hands of big capital. The predominant form of the state became a republic, but under a “regulated democracy.” The real democracy of society began to be largely determined by the competitive struggle of rival financial groups and parties. In such conditions, antimonopoly legislation also stands out as a means of maintaining democratic institutions. Summarizing the characteristics of the main directions in the development of the state and law in the XNUMXth century, one cannot ignore the "social motives", the socialist trend, manifested in the expansion of the rights of trade unions, the regulation of working hours, the provision of annual holidays, benefits, etc. One cannot fail to note the allocation of political The theory of modern times demands "the priority of the rights of the individual", which is increasingly reflected in the legislation and practice of modern states. After the defeat in the Cold War and the destruction of the Soviet bloc and the USSR, new independent states were formed - Ukraine, Kazakhstan, etc., Germany, divided by the Second World War into Western and Eastern zones, unified, which in one way or another expressed the national aspirations of the peoples. Constitutional changes in the XX century. characterized by heterogeneity, inconsistency, sometimes multidirectional. Along with the strengthening of the liberal-democratic trend, there was also a quite obvious realization of opposing aspirations that pursued the goals of limiting, emasculating the democratic content of legal institutions, as well as a clearly expressed movement towards authoritarianism, totalitarianism and fascism. The latter is vividly represented in the formation of the fascist and Soviet empires, the long-term confrontation between military-political blocs, and the Cold War. The destruction of the Soviet empire also speaks of the enormous possibilities of non-military means of suppressing a defeated enemy. The contradictory, sometimes explosive nature of the transformations of the liberal-democratic trend in the leading capitalist states is clearly visible in the constitutional history of France after the Second World War. Author: Selyanin A.V. << Back: Transformations of the state and law of foreign countries in the XX century, general characteristics >> Forward: Changes in law in the XNUMXth century
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