History of state and law of foreign countries. German Confederation (most important)

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History of state and law of foreign countries. German Confederation (most important)

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German Confederation

The French Revolution, "like a thunderbolt," struck into that chaos, into that already virtually disintegrated feudal empire, which was the thousand-year-old "Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation." The defeat of Napoleon did not restore the old empire. Instead, the Paris Treaty 1814 BC The so-called German Confederation was formed among 34 states - kingdoms, principalities, duchies and a few free cities. Each of the united states retained its independence; leadership in the union belonged to Austria.

The organ of the German Confederation, the "Allied Diet", nicknamed "the collection of mummies" because of its composition, took care only that in Germany nothing changed.

The nobles regained their former power over the peasantry, feudal courts and corvée, the right to hunt and the "bloody tithe" (a tax on slaughtered cattle). In a number of regions, the landowners retained the feudal right of unpunished extrajudicial murder of the peasant. The tax that replaced the right of the first night was also preserved. With the exception of a few South German states (Bavaria, Baden etc.), where the political system was ostensibly constitutional, absolutism was preserved as dominant throughout Germany. Secret courts, all-powerful police, etc., were the inevitable consequence of these regimes.

The protest movement did not go beyond the narrow confines of student corporations. Student youth still held noisy meetings, at which the “corporal stick” (a symbol of the hated police regime) was sometimes burned, and this alone was enough for mass repressions.

Terror intensified even more after the revolution 1830 BC in France. Any free speech was persecuted by censorship, prison, and hard labor.

bourgeois development Germany meanwhile, it was taking place, albeit very slowly. Its impact should be explained Customs Union 1834 BC, concluded between Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony and some other German states; it brought together the commercial classes of the various states and regions of Germany, concentrated their strength, and facilitated the transfer of the entire mass of these classes to the camp of the liberal opposition. The German bourgeoisie began to be drawn into the struggle for power.

Created on the initiative Prussia The customs union was its major success. He won over to the side of Prussia the entire bourgeoisie of the middle and small German states, and in the course of time they became accustomed to looking at Prussia, as its economic and then political outpost.

Around the same period, the German working class declares its existence. The famous performance of the Silesian weavers (1844) marked the beginning of the struggle of the German workers against feudalism and despotism.

Столица Prussian Berlin covered with barricades (March 1848). While the proletariat was fighting the troops, bourgeois liberals begged the Prussian king to agree to some changes. Among them are the destruction of the landowners' courts and the police power of the landowners over the peasants, the extension of jury trials to political crimes; elections to the constituent Landtag (National Assembly).

The bourgeois-democratic movement also spread to other German states. In order to buy time to deal with him, the kings and princes gave their consent to convene Frankfurt am Main Constituent Assembly. Composed of the deputies of all states, it was supposed to give Germany single constitution.

The Frankfurt Assembly did not justify the hopes of German democracy. The Frankfurt Assembly was simply dispersed with bayonets (1849) and the developed draft constitution, although it had a certain progressive significance, remained on paper.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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