History of state and law of foreign countries. Social legislation (most important)

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History of state and law of foreign countries. Social legislation (most important)

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social legislation

The position of the working class in 1845 BC in bourgeois countries it was catastrophic, in particular in England, the situation of workers is characterized by such conditions as: terrible living conditions in slums and rooming houses, poor nutrition, rags instead of clothes, chronic diseases, general drunkenness, generated by lack of culture, horrendous premature deaths among workers, an unstoppable increase in crime - a direct consequence of the slavish position of the workers, an extreme act of their disrespect for the prevailing social order.

The working day in factories and factories lasted 13-16 hours a day (not including a break for food). The children of workers began their working life at the age of 8-9, living in deprivation, worked for 6,5 hours until they were 13 years old. And this was already an achievement, for before (before 1831) they were forced to work 8, and even earlier - 16 hours a day. By the age of 40, most of the workers were already dying.

The position of the English working class was not exceptional. share Silesian and in general German - workers were no better. In France the working day lasted 12 hours a day. Legislative regulation of the labor of workers did not exist, the strike struggle was prohibited, as well as the organization of trade unions.

Workers went on strike, organized into unions, staged demonstrations in defense of their interests, and at other times erected barricades. Yielding to their growing resistance, the governments of a number of countries, including England, began to move to a policy of partial concessions.

В 1802 BC law "restricted" the working day of seven-year-old children is 12 hours. AT 1833 BC the working day of children under 13 was limited to 8 hours. Teenagers had to work 12 hours a day.

В 1875 BC, after many strikes, lockouts, and lawsuits, trade unions, as already mentioned, received the right to represent workers in court and before entrepreneurs. Parliament allowed the formation of trade unions not only for skilled workers, as was the case before, but for everyone. Criminal penalties for strikes were abolished. Finally in 1906 BC the punishment for "peaceful persuasion" to stop work or not to start it was abolished.

Labor legislation in France begins, as in England, with restrictions on the working hours of children and adolescents. (1841). Revolution 1848 BC gave the workers France 10-11-hour working day, which was already considered an extraordinary success.

Only from 1864 It's time for some relief. The formation of workers' unions is permitted, albeit on a limited basis.

В 1884 BC the hated law was finally abolished Le Chapelier.

After a number of measures to limit the excessive exploitation of children and women, the maximum working day was set at 10 hours. This important law was passed in 1900 BC After 6 years, a mandatory weekly rest was established.

Relatively favorable conditions contributed to the early development of social legislation in Australia и new Zealand. The greatest successes of social legislation occurred in the years preceding the First World War.

Noteworthy are English laws (1900, 1906, 1907), which allowed workers to demand monetary compensation from the entrepreneur in case of accidents, introduced old-age pensions, and since 1911 - sickness benefits; French law 1898 BC, which introduced benefits for disabled people who suffered from an accident, in case of death, etc.; Dutch Act 1910 and English 1911, which legalized, although in a very limited scope, unemployment benefits; Dutch law 1913 BC, which introduced sickness insurance and even cash assistance to women in labor.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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