History of state and law of foreign countries. Formation of the Serbian State (most important)

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History of state and law of foreign countries. Formation of the Serbian State (most important)

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Formation of the Serbian state

В 1804 BC The Serbian people revolted and, at the cost of enormous sacrifices, achieved the liberation of a large part of their land from the oppressors of the Turks. AT 1806 BC Russia entered the war with Turkey. With the active support of the Russian armies, the Serbs completely cleared their land of the Turks. Created in 1811 BC The assembly declared itself constituent and proclaimed Kara George hereditary prince Serbia. The executive power was handed over to six trustees (ministers) chosen from among the Governing Council.

В 1812 BC Russian commander-in-chief, famous commander M. I. Kutuzov forced the defeated Turkey to the Bucharest peace. One of the articles of the treaty, dictated by the field marshal, obliged Turkey to grant Serbia wide autonomy in matters of internal administration. In the same 1812 Russia forced to defend against invasion Napoleon. Taking advantage of this, the Turks invaded Serbia and flooded it with blood streams.

Barely recovering from defeats and violence, the Serbian people began a new war with Turkey (1815). Under constant pressure of Russia the Turkish sultan was forced to "grant" Serbia "firman" 1820 BC

В 1833 BC Serbia achieved the abolition of Turkish landlordism and, on this basis, was able to carry out important agrarian reform.

At the end of 1838 BC The Russian government drew up a constitution for Serbia. It was approved by the Sultanate and became the law of the land, in force for more than 30 years.

The constitution proceeded from the principles of separation of powers. She handed over the legislative power to the Senate "from the oldest and most important persons of the Serbian people" among 17 members.

The prince was the head of the executive branch, appointed officials, enforced laws, exercised supreme command of the army, and had the right to pardon.

Three courts were established: a conciliatory court, consisting of village foremen; district - the first instance in criminal and civil cases; appeal, located in the capital.

Administratively, Serbia consisted of 17 districts, divided into sections, communities and villages.

Constitution 1838 BC for all its shortcomings, it contributed to the unification of the regions, introduced relative order into state-legal life, and thereby contributed to the bourgeois development of Serbia.

Reform 1858 BC Very soon, power was in the hands of large landowners and senior officials, united under the name of "statutes", that is, defenders of the constitution.

Considering themselves marginalized from the administration of the state, the Serbian bourgeoisie was dissatisfied with the regime of the statute-holders. In this it also found support among broad strata of the peasantry and relied on them. The political conflict between the statute-holders and the bourgeois opposition was resolved, in 1858 BC the deposition of the prince (the Obrenović dynasty, deposed by the chartermen, was restored) and the revision of the constitution.

State development Serbia was completed by the constitution 1869 BC which the issue of legislative power was resolved - in a compromise. The right to approve laws was granted only to the Skuts region, but the legislative initiative remained in the hands of the prince. He also appointed a number of deputies.

Taking advantage of defeat Serbia in the war against Bulgaria (1885), the bourgeois “radical” party is seeking a new, third constitution in 50 years (1888). The Constitution abolished the king's right to appoint deputies to the Assembly and thus for the first time turned the latter into a representative body.

The coup d'etat 1893 BC restored in Serbia unlimited monarchy, and it lasted for 15 years. Finally, a new coup (1903), which ended with the extermination of the king, his family, and his most dangerous supporters, returned the constitution to Serbia 1888 BC

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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