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Lecture notes, cheat sheets
History of state and law of foreign countries. Formation of a bourgeois state in Japan (most important)
Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets Table of contents (expand) Formation of a bourgeois state in Japan The revolution that opened the way to bourgeois development took place in Japan in concert 60s XNUMXth century. The development of capitalist relations in Japan and their penetration into the countryside intensified the already extreme exploitation of the feudally dependent and disenfranchised peasant. In the first half XNUMXth century in Japan there were about 250 peasant uprisings; in the 50s and 60s. peasant uprisings follow one after another. WITH 1853 to 1856 there are 52 of them, in one 1861 BC - 17, etc. В 1853 USA sent to Japan squadron, the commander of which presented the Japanese government with an ultimatum demand to establish trade relations. Under the pressure of decisive military superiority USA the shogun was forced, in the end, to satisfy this demand. В 1858 BC An unequal treaty was signed under which Japan could not impose duties on imported USA goods above a certain percentage (from 5 to 35), was to recognize the extraterritoriality of Americans in Japan (i.e., their lack of jurisdiction to Japanese courts), etc. Unequal treaties were concluded Japan с England, France, Holland and other countries. The capitulation of the government to foreign colonialists threatened the death of backward Japanese production and trade. The union of the bourgeoisie and the nobility, with the latter's undoubted leading role, should explain the unfinished character of the revolution: Japanese capitalism turned out to be entwined with a dense network of feudal relations. Reforms became inevitable not only under the pressure of the bourgeoisie. To no lesser extent they were pushed by the incessant actions of the peasants. В 1868 BC were decreed the destruction of workshops and guilds, granting everyone and everyone the right to freely choose a profession, freedom of trade. В 1871 BC the government abolished feudal appanages, introducing a division into provinces headed by governors appointed from the center. В 1872 BC a decree was issued on the introduction of universal military service, which undermined the monopoly right of the samurai for military service. В 1880 BC serious innovations touched the judiciary. With the help of foreign consultants, criminal and criminal procedure codes were created and put into effect, which copied Western European models. В 1885 BC a cabinet of ministers is created, unknown to all the previous practice of Japan. New was the Ministry of Trade and Industry - a sign of attention to the bourgeoisie. В 1888 BC A Privy Council is created as an advisory body to the emperor. Its special purpose was to approve the draft constitution being prepared. В 1898 BC the imperial government, wiser with the experience of parliamentary government, decided to turn jiyuto into a semi-governmental party. The negotiations were successful. As a result, they created (in 1900) an entirely new organization, even more reactionary than the old one. The patron of the party is the largest industrial concern "Mitsui", with which the seiyukai was associated until the last days of its existence. The interests of another major concern, Mitsubishi, were expressed by the minseito party (People's Policy Party). В 1882 BC an attempt was made to create a socialist party, but the government immediately strangled this party. In order to combat the workers' and peasants' movement, a terrorist "police law on the maintenance of order" was issued. (1900). The revolution and the reforms that followed it created favorable conditions for the rapid growth of Japanese industry and trade. In the end XIX century. Japanese capitalism enters the period of imperialism. Author: Selyanin A.V. << Back: Formation of the Romanian state >> Forward: Periods of change in the ROC
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