History of state and law of foreign countries. Revolution in China 1911 (most important)

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History of state and law of foreign countries. Revolution in China 1911 (most important)

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Revolution in China 1911

People's Republic of China. Its formation and strengthening is associated with the creation of the Communist Party of China, the formation and development of government bodies, administration and courts in the liberated areas.

At first XX century. In China, there is an increase in revolutionary sentiment, the number of underground revolutionary organizations is increasing, and spontaneous protests by peasants continue. In 1905, at a congress of a number of revolutionary organizations, the Union League was created, the program of which included three principles of the outstanding revolutionary and statesman of China Sun Yat-sen: nationalism, which involved the overthrow of the imperial dynasty and the restoration of Chinese independence; democracy - the establishment of a republic; People's welfare is a requirement for equal land tenure.

A new upsurge in the revolutionary struggle began with an uprising of soldiers and officers in Wuchang in 1911 BC A provisional government was created in the south of the country, Sun Yat-sen was elected president of the republic, and a provisional constitution was adopted, in which bourgeois-democratic rights were proclaimed. But soon the power in China is seized by General Yuan Shikai, who establishes a military dictatorship in the country. Then power in the north passes into the hands of reactionary generals. At the same time, the revolutionary movement unfolding in southern China leads to 1917 BC to the formation of a military government to protect the republic, headed by Sun Yat-sen. And with the help of the Comintern in 1921 BC in China, a communist party is also being created, which, together with the Kuomintang (National Party), headed by Sun Yat-sen, launches a struggle for the national independence of China, for the liberation of the country from foreign domination and the improvement of the condition of the masses.

The most notable events of the Chinese Revolution after the death of Sun Yat-sen (1926 BC) were: the campaign of the revolutionary army against the northern militarists, which led to their defeat and the capture of Beijing; the break of the Communist Party with Chiang Kai-shek, who became the leader of the Kuomintang, as well as the state building of Kuomintang China.

On interim constitution (1931 BC) proclaimed China's entry into the period of "political guardianship", when the right to exercise power in the country was granted National Congress of the Kuomintang, and all state organs, including the national government, were placed under the control of the CEC of the Kuomintang. In subsequent times, virtually all power was concentrated in the hands of the representative of the national government, which became Chiang Kai-shek. In particular, the army was subordinated to him through the military committee, which was given the right to interfere in the affairs of the administration.

During the reign Chiang Kai-shek China was subjected to Japanese aggression. Then, in the northeastern provinces of China, Japan creates a subordinate puppet state of Manchukuo. At the same time, the revolutionary bases and the liberated regions, in which the control was carried out by the Communist Party, are getting stronger. Under the circumstances, the leadership of the Kuomintang was forced to conclude an internal peace agreement with the Communist Party. However, after the end of World War II and the defeat of Japanese militarism, the fire of civil war in China flared up with renewed vigor. In the conditions of the offensive of the communist Red Army, the Kuomintang goes for the adoption of a relatively liberal constitution (1947 BC), which provided for the creation of an elected Legislative Chamber and a Chamber of Control. However, the reign Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang in mainland China was coming to an end. The power of the Kuomintang party and its leader, as well as the operation of the Constitution of 1947, were preserved only in Taiwan.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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