History of state and law of foreign countries. Formation of an independent Yugoslavia (most important)

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History of state and law of foreign countries. Formation of an independent Yugoslavia (most important)

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Formation of independent Yugoslavia

Defeat of Austria-Hungary contributed to the goals of the national liberation of its Yugoslav regions. This struggle intertwined with the peasant struggle for land. In some areas comes to education "red republics", "peasant republics", expulsion of landowners, unauthorized distribution of land.

At the end of October 1918 uprisings engulfed the army. AT Poole emerged Sailor's Council.

29 October 1918 Croatian Parliament decreed the separation of the Yugoslav lands from Austria-Hungary and the formation of an independent state of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.

At the end of November 1918 decision to merge with Serbia is accepted Assemblies of Montenegro и Vojvodina.

December 1, 1918 Serbian Prince Regent Alexander Kara-Georgievich, based on the petition of the Zagreb Council, announced the formation of a single "Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes" - the future Yugoslavia (since 1929).

The new state was formed from Serbia и Montenegro, which were previously independent states, and also liberated from the power Habsburgs of Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia, Herzegovina and Vojvodina. Population Yugoslavia was at that time about 12 million people.

Provisional parliament (assembly), as well as the provisional government Yugoslavia, were drawn up on the basis of an agreement between the bourgeois parties. Several posts in the government received "social democrats". As one would expect, Serbian bourgeois parties began to play a leading role in the new state.

Croats и slovenians found themselves in an unequal position with the Serbs.

In April 1919 BC there Communist Party of Yugoslavia. In the ranks of the newly formed party, there were 60 thousand people. Under the influence of the Communist Party were workers' trade unions (more than 300 thousand people), youth and women's organizations. Hundreds of thousands of voters voted for the party in municipal elections and later elections to the Constituent Assembly.

Reluctantly, the monarchy and the "coalition government" were to go for the introduction 8 hour working day, anti-feudal and yet very limited in their results agrarian reform, municipal elections.

In 1921 the Constituent Assembly is gathering, with which the bourgeois political parties pinned their hopes for the termination of the interim regime, and at the same time for political stabilization. Serbian bourgeois parties predominated in the Assembly. The Communist Party, having received 58 mandates, came in third place. The votes of the Serbian parties and the bribed Bosnian landowners dragged through the constitution of the kingdom, called Vidovdanskaya.

Югославия declared a parliamentary monarchy. Legislative power was given to the Assembly, elected by men over the age of 21, and to the king, and executive power to the king.

Vidovdan constitution legitimized the new administrative division, not taking into account the historically established national regions.

The constitution contains a list of the rights and freedoms of citizens, but everything possible was done to ensure that these freedoms did not become.

The constitution indicated to the following persons responsible for "crimes of the press": author, editor, printer, owner, distributor (item 13). It was said about property that “it imposes obligations and its use should not harm the interests of society.”

Vidovdan constitution was reactionary in content, demagogic in form. But she did not suit the monarchy. AT 1929 BC King Alexander launches a military coup. The Royal Manifesto declares the rejection of any form of parliamentary regime; new "legislative elections" rejected: it's "would mean wasting precious time on futile attempts.".

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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