History of state and law of foreign countries. Formation of the Bulgarian State (most important)

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History of state and law of foreign countries. Formation of the Bulgarian State (most important)

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Formation of the Bulgarian state

Liberation of Bulgaria. In April 1876 в Bulgaria there was a new uprising against Turkish oppression, which ended in the defeat of the rebels and cruel executions. The uprising hastened the performance of Russia против Turkey. Russo-Turkish War 1877-1878 ended in total destruction Turkey and release Bulgaria. Regardless of the goals pursued by the tsarist government, the Russian-Turkish war 1877-1878 played a progressive historical role. It brought freedom to the Bulgarian people, facilitated and hastened the collapse of the most barbaric absolutism in Europe.

Under the terms of the San Stefano peace treaty that ended the war Bulgaria, although it remained dependent on Turkey, was declared free in its internal affairs. But England, Germany и Austria-Hungary did not want the creation of an independent Slavic state on The Balkans. They demanded a revision of the San Stefano Treaty.

By decision of a specially convened Berlin congress (1878) Bulgaria was divided into three parts: Macedonia и Thrace were given away Turkey; Southern Bulgaria (called Eastern Rumelia) became an autonomous Turkish province from Northern Bulgaria formed Bulgarian principality, placed in vassal in relation to Turkey position.

The Bulgarian people did not want to put up with the reactionary Berlin Treaty. AT 1885 BC in the so-called capital Southern Bulgaria there was a coup, the result of which was the reunification of the southern and northern parts Bulgaria.

In response to this is Austria-Hungary provoked Serbia to war with Bulgaria. But the war ended in victory Bulgaria. The proclamation of its full independence took place October 5, 1908 Bulgarian princenature was transformed into a kingdom.

The Constituent Assembly, convened to consider the organic law, met in 1879 BC в Tarnovo, which is why the constitution he adopted was called "Tyrnovskaya". There were two parties in the Assembly. One - conservative - expressed the interests of the top Bulgarian merchants, usurers, kulaks, reactionary clergy. The other - liberal - was the party of the Bulgarian petty and middle bourgeoisie, the party of craftsmen and the intelligentsia.

The constitution adopted by the Assembly (set out taking into account the additions and changes made to it in 1893 BC), established a limited monarchy. Legislative power was exercised by "people's representation", executive power was handed over to the prince (with 1908 BC he became known as king. Ministers were appointed and dismissed by the tsar, but were responsible to the People's Assembly, which had the right to bring them to justice.

Two types of People's Assemblies were established: "great" and "ordinary". Both were unicameral.

The tsar could dissolve the People's Assembly so that new elections could be held no later than two months later. Laws were to be adopted by the People's Assembly and approved by the king.

The constitution proclaimed the equality of the rights of citizens, the inviolability of property, the inviolability of the person and home, freedom of assembly, unions, the press, etc.

By introducing a monarchical form of government, the Constituent Assembly took care of the election of the monarch. It turned out to be a Prussian officer, Prince Alexander Battenberg, and then, after the forced renunciation Battenberg from the throne (1886), - Hungarian officer, German, prince Ferdinand of Coburg.

В 1893 BC The Tarnovo constitution was revised, the purpose of which was to strengthen the monarchical power at the expense of "popular representation". Constitutional amendments served the same purpose. 1911 BC The king was given the right to conclude treaties with foreign states.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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