History of state and law of foreign countries. Bourgeois France (most important)

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History of state and law of foreign countries. Bourgeois France (most important)

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Bourgeois France

In considering this issue, it should be noted that at the beginning 1790 BC It entered into force a number of important decrees. Church property was confiscated and recognized as national property. Sold at auction at a high price, it came to the bourgeoisie, partly to the prosperous peasantry. Thus, it was possible to liquidate the financial crisis. The church was deprived of the right to register marriages, births, deaths. The clergy were forced to swear allegiance to the new system. The influence of the church significantly decreased, it was placed under the control of the state. A new administrative division was introduced, according to which France was divided into 83 departments, each of them included districts, cantons, communes. The system of taxation became unified, many feudal obstacles hindering the development of trade were eliminated, etc. The class division of citizens, all noble titles and titles were completely abolished, medieval workshops were abolished. These reforms strengthened the unity of the nation and dealt an irreparable blow to absolutism. By abolishing feudal rules and restrictions in the field of trade and industry, the revolution provided the bourgeoisie with all the conditions for entrepreneurial activity. Having received power and sufficient rights, the big bourgeoisie soon began to be weighed down by the pressure of the democratic forces of the people. She was worried about the further development of the revolution.

October 21, 1789 A decree was passed that allowed the use of armed forces to suppress popular uprisings. oneJune 4, 1791 the law came into force Le Chapelier, which banned, under pain of a large fine or imprisonment, the creation of trade unions, the holding of strikes. The split between the big bourgeoisie and the people came to light in the summer 1791 BC After the king's attempt to flee abroad, the position of supporters of the constitutional monarchy weakened. The voices for the creation of a republic were heard louder and louder. Executive, administrative power was given to the king and the ministers responsible to him. The king could impose a veto on adopted laws, which, however, had only a suspensive character. He was the head of the army and navy, he was instructed to take care of maintaining public order, etc. Judicial power was exercised by elected and, in principle, irremovable persons. The constitution consolidated the political interests of the big bourgeoisie. Its effect did not extend to the colonies. Thus, the Constitution departed from the revolutionary principles of the Declaration. Before its dissolution in September 1791 BC The Constituent Assembly decided that none of its deputies could be elected to the Legislative Corps created on the basis of the Constitution 1791 BC Representatives of the middle bourgeoisie, represented by the Girondins, proposed to go further, to continue breaking down many feudal institutions. The Girondin program, although it met with the support of the majority of deputies, was not consistent. The most radical transformations were proposed by the Jacobins - spokesmen for the interests of the broad masses. It soon became clear that the Girondins did not dare to completely abolish the feudal duties of the peasants, did not give them land, connived with speculators and counter-revolutionaries, and did not intend to deprive the king of power. For this reason, a final split occurred between the Girondins and the Jacobins. August 10 at Paris a popular uprising began, as a result of which the monarchy was destroyed. For some time, power was in the hands of the Paris Commune. The legislature agreed to the king's arrest. A decree was issued convening a National Convention, and the election of its deputies was to be carried out without dividing citizens into active and passive.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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