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Lecture notes, cheat sheets
History of state and law of foreign countries. Baltic Slavs (most important)
Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets Table of contents (expand) Baltic Slavs The Baltic Slavs occupied a rather vast territory, spreading along the southern coast of the Baltic Sea and further, between the Elbe and the Vistula. Among the Baltic Slavs, there was a decomposition of primitive communal relations and a gradual formation of the state took place. The Baltic Slavs were distinguished by their numbers and strength. There are two most notable in this regard - Lutichi (Velety), Pomeranians и Bodrichi. Them main activities were agriculture, cattle breeding and sea fishing. At the same time, trade developed in the coastal tribes. The political structure of the Baltic Slavs was not the same for different tribes. In Pomorye, earlier than in other regions of this country, the dominance of the property nobility is established. The veche meetings of the city people become an instrument of the ruling aristocracy. Strong princely power wins among the Bodrichs, a territorial division of the population is carried out, taxation is strengthened, and princely administration is spreading. And here and there an early feudal state arises. Lutici stayed longer than others at the pre-state stage of development. Beginning with X in. Princely power disappears from them, management of affairs is concentrated in the hands of the people's assembly and elders. All these tribes, which together are called Lutich, are not ruled by one separate ruler. Discussing their needs at the meeting, they unanimously decide what needs to be done, and those who contradict the decision are beaten with sticks. The remnants of the primitive communal system are the tribes ruled by the people's assembly, the prince and the elders, as well as such forms of territorial formations as clans and zhups. At the same time, it should be noted that the Slavic village lives in a community very similar to the Germanic community, there is almost no slavery of prisoners of war, and they prefer to sell slaves abroad or to noble households, where they work in the field and at court. The German chroniclers, who visited Pomorie, were surprised to ascertain the customs of the Slavs, which had long disappeared in the rest of Europe. They note the "honesty and camaraderie" of the Slavs, their absence of theft and deceit. There were no locks, no "key". It should be noted that each father of the family of the Baltic Slavs has a separate hut intended for receiving guests, and if someone would like to eat, a guest or household members, they go to the table, on which everything is already laid. Such features of the life of the Baltic Slavs greatly surprised the wanderers who visited them, missionaries who arrived from distant places. The bulk of the people are free people - smardy. They see their duties and their rights in participating in a people's assembly (veche), going to war, and avenging a blood offense. At meetings they are armed. Above smarda is worth noble person - a prince, an elder, a princely combatant, and in the cities of Pomorye - a merchant who got rich in trade, a landowner and an elder at the same time. Below smarda - semi-free "ten", a victim of "feed" (as debt bondage was called in Slavic Pomorie), a slave. Both of these groups, close in their legal status, formed the core of the dependent population. The history of the Baltic Slavs ends in the 1160th century In XNUMX the Saxon duke Leo, taking advantage of the struggle between the Slavic tribes and having prepared allies for himself among the Slavic nobility, eager to establish feudal orders, begins the conquest of the Bodrichi. Following that, other areas were captured, including Pomorie. Together with the conquest, the physical extermination of the Slavs and the colonization of their lands by German settlers began. Author: Selyanin A.V. << Back: Byzantine law >> Forward: Poland. Emergence of the state
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