History of state and law of foreign countries. Formation of the Czechoslovak Republic (most important)

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History of state and law of foreign countries. Formation of the Czechoslovak Republic (most important)

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Formation of the Czechoslovak Republic

As in independent education Polish states at the formation of the Czechoslovak Republic October revolution played a certain role in the national liberation movement, which led to the collapse of the reactionary Austro-Hungarian monarchy, and through this - to the formation Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.

Proclamation of the Czechoslovak Republic Took place October 14, 1918 at mass proletarian rallies in Prague and other cities. At the same time, Soviets of Workers' Deputies began to emerge.

Events 14 October intensified the activities of the bourgeois parties. Two weeks later 28 October, the political center of the Czech bourgeoisie - the National Committee - declared itself the temporary bearer of power.

Austrian administration handed over her functions to him without resistance. Created by conspiracy of bourgeois parties Provisional National Assembly (November 1918) overthrew the monarchy Habsburg.

The assembly elected a president (Massarika), created a provisional government (Kramarza).

Following the policy of "carrot and stick", the new government of Czechoslovakia passes laws on the 8-hour working day, universal suffrage in local government elections, and state social insurance. Yielding to the demands of the peasants, the government prepares a law on agrarian reform (1919), according to which surplus arable land (against the established maximum) was subject to redemption and distribution among land-poor peasants.

К 1927 BCWhen the reform was completed, it turned out that the peasants received less land from it than they lost as a result of seizures for non-payment of taxes and other debts.

Moderate as all these reforms were, they were the result of the powerful world impact that October Socialist Revolution.

At the same time, a repressive apparatus was hastily created: the army, the police, and armed detachments. With their help, the government crushed the grandiose December general strike. 1920 BC, covering more than a million workers.

The failure of the December strike and the entire experience of the revolutionary movement 1918-1920 clearly revealed that without a truly revolutionary party it is impossible to fight the bourgeois state.

Bourgeois social and state system Czechoslovakia was enshrined in the constitution 1920 BC From the moment of its birth until its abolition, it was considered one of the most “democratic” in the bourgeois Europe.

The constitution proclaimed Czechoslovakia democratic republic with an elected president. Legislative power was entrusted to the National Assembly, which consisted of two chambers: the lower - the House of Representatives - was elected for 6 years, the upper - the Senate - for 8 years. Elections to the National Assembly were held by direct and secret ballot; seats in the chambers were distributed according to the proportional system. The deputies were required, among other things, a high age limit - 30 years for a deputy of the lower house and 45 years for a senator.

The Senate had the right to delay the consideration of bills adopted by the lower house for 6 weeks, as well as the right to reject bills. In the latter case, the lower house could save the bill with a new vote, or in some cases only by a supermajority.

The constitution fixed numerous "rights of citizens", but stipulated the use of them by a number of conditions; democratic freedoms were abolished "in the event of war or when events occur within the state that pose a threat to public peace and order."

Forcibly attached to Czechoslovakia Transcarpathian Ukraine managed by a designated Prague governor.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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