History of state and law of foreign countries. Results of the November Revolution of 1917-1918 (the most important)

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History of state and law of foreign countries. Results of the November Revolution of 1917-1918 (the most important)

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Results of the November Revolution of 1917-1918

November Revolution of 1918 in Germany, a revolution that resulted in the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of a bourgeois-parliamentary republic.

Before the November Revolution Germany was one of the most developed capitalist countries. Trusts and cartels played a decisive role in its economic life. Agriculture was dominated by large Junker landownership, which was reorganized on a capitalist basis, but still retained significant vestiges of feudalism.

November Revolution was bourgeois-democratic. So was the Weimar constitution. No matter how bad things were in practice, the very recognition of freedom of parties and organizations, freedom of speech and the press, "the right to work" and "labor protection" had a certain significance, testified to the new position that the struggling proletariat began to win for itself in world history. . Among the undoubted achievements of the German working class should be the legislative consolidation of the 8-hour working day, as well as the right to conclude collective agreements and the introduction of unemployment benefits, and finally, the legislative recognition of women's suffrage.

Revolution 1918 BC liquidated the German monarchy, but, as before, the domination of the capitalists and junkers remained. The difference was in one thing: before the revolution, the leading position in the state belonged to the landowning junkers, after the revolution it passed to the industrialists and financiers.

Despite its bourgeois-democratic character, the revolution 1918 BC в Germany It was carried out to a certain extent by proletarian means and methods, as evidenced first of all by the German Soviets, powerful strikes, the armed struggle of the workers against the counter-revolution, and the formation of the Bavarian Soviet Republic.

In the beginning of March 1919 BC the Berlin proletariat reappeared. In mid-April, an uprising in Munich led to the formation Bavarian Soviet Republic.

The government of the republic was composed of representatives of the Communist Party and Social Democrats - "independents". Communist head of government Evgeny Levine.

Bavarian Soviet the government decreed the nationalization of banks and the confiscation of deposits, workers' control of production, the arming of the proletariat and the organization Red Army.

The Republic did not last long 1 May 1919 volunteer detachments of social democrats, "blood dog" Noske broke into Munich and, having broken the resistance of the workers, liquidated Soviet power in Bavaria.

Were there objective prerequisites for the German bourgeois-democratic revolution to develop into a socialist revolution? Yes, such objective prerequisites undoubtedly existed. To realize these prerequisites and create a revolutionary movement and the revolution as a whole, the main thing was missing: that a truly revolutionary party be at the head of the working class. The Communist Party of Germany was just such, but it arose after the leadership of the revolution was seized by the reformists.

Peace of Versailles. In June 1919 Germany was to sign the Treaty of Versailles. She returned France Alsace and Lorraine, she had to concede in favor of her imperialist rivals of the colony. The treaty forbade Germany to have an army exceeding one hundred thousand soldiers.

Germany had to pay colossal reparations in gold, goods, securities.

Thus, the November revolution in Germany became a means of achieving certain benefits for the working people, which was enshrined at the legislative level.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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