History of state and law of foreign countries. British Colonies (most important)

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History of state and law of foreign countries. British Colonies (most important)

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British colonies

The first type English colonies were founded in North America at the very beginning XVII century (in 1607). At the same time, it begins its penetration into India the infamous East India Company. Undermining the military and political capacity Spain, defeating France in the Seven Years' War (1756-1763), England took over the whole North AmericaIncluding To Canada, a significant part India (Bengal), Gibraltar and many other territories in different parts of the world.

Britain seizures in Africa, joining all India, acquisition Ceylon, development Australia и new Zealand. towards the middle XNUMXth century England becomes the largest colonial empire in the world.

The second type English colonies is India. Odolev France and pushing her out India, England begins the seizure of the country and carries it out during the second half XVIII century. and first half XIX century. At the first stage (1756-1764) business is limited to the conquest Bengal (East India) and some smaller principalities. At the next stage England, having dealt with the principality Mysore (the largest state in the south), annexes new lands to its possessions, and Mysore и Hyderabad puts in vassalage (1767-1799). Finally, at the third stage of conquest (1803-1826). In 1803 BC English troops take Delhi, the capital of the Great Mughals, who once ruled India. Military operations are transferred to the southern foothills Himalayas, and in this way almost the whole country is captured, with the exception of Sinda и Punjab.

Up to 1773 BC unlimited master of English possessions in India was the East India Company. Beginning with 70s of the XVIII century. Parliamentary control is established over it England. According to an act of parliament 1784 BC, control India was divided between the Secret Committee of the East India Company and the Control Council of the British government. The completion of the English conquests in India falls on 40s of the XIX century., when they were annexed Sind и Punjab (Northwest India).

The attempt of the Indian people to throw off the British yoke was the revolt of the sepoys in 1857 BC Insurrection 1857 BC forced the British government to change the system of government in India.

The third type of colonial possessions of England represented Irelandenslaved with XII century.

The liberation movement in Ireland forced from time to time to reforms, however, insignificant ones. AT 1869 BC Irish Catholics were equalized with English Protestants.

By law 1870 BC the right of landowners to drive Irish tenants off the land was somewhat limited. The struggle of the Irish faction in the English parliament for self-government (home rule) ran into insurmountable resistance from the landed aristocracy. The English bourgeoisie also spoke out against the self-determination of Ireland, seeing in discord with the Irish, in setting the British workers against the Irish, as a way to paralyze the popular movement in the England.

African colonies. In the end XNUMXth century England lost its industrial monopoly. The "free trade" policy was coming to an end. to the world market, pushing England, came out U.S. и Germany. This time, Africa became the main arena of conquest. Pass under English rule Nigeria, Kenya, South Africa (after a long bloody war with its former colonizers, the Boers, immigrants from Holland), the Gold Coast, Southern and Northern Rhodesia, etc .: England seizes the Suez Canal, seizes the island Cyprus, completes the conquest Burmese. Actual Power England installed over Egypt and some other Arab territories.

The territory of the metropolis and the colonies amounted to 230 thousand square meters, respectively. kilometers and almost 32 million square meters. km.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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