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Lecture notes, cheat sheets
History of state and law of foreign countries. Civil War between North and South (most important)
Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets Table of contents (expand) Civil War North and South First half XIX century. passed under the sign of rapid expansion of territory USA. New territories were bought from colonial countries or taken by force from weak opponents. Indigenous people America - Indians were exterminated or evicted. The struggle for land had its own characteristics. AT America there were no feudal-type landowners or serfs. Squattering - the seizure of free land - meant taking away land from the indigenous inhabitants - the Indians. However, the settler needed money. Not everyone could adapt to new living conditions, withstand the onslaught of land speculators, etc. There was a fierce struggle between large and small landowners. During this period of American history, a large plantation economy dominated, where slave labor (blacks) was used. After the Revolutionary War, slavery was abolished in the North. These measures, along with squatterism and the subsequent nationalization of Western lands, laid the foundation for the development of capitalism in agriculture along the farmer route. However, large landownership based on slave labor remained in the South. The outflow of labor to the West led to the massive use of slave labor. So, in the first half of the 19th century. In the USA, two paths of bourgeois development have emerged: 1) in the North; 2) in the South. A clash of classes due to the establishment of one or another type of bourgeois development in agriculture was inevitable. In the class struggle, the main place was occupied by the problem of “free” lands in the West and the liquidation of slave-owning latifundia in the South. Back to top 20s XNUMXth century in the USA There were 22 states, half of them were slave states. Conflicts continued between the slave owners of the South and the bourgeoisie of the North, especially when the fate of the new states was being decided in Congress. Planters were interested in creating new slave states. The bourgeoisie of the North was against this. The clash of interests of the industrial bourgeoisie and slave owners led to an inevitable conflict, which later resulted in a civil war. This was the beginning of a fierce struggle between two economic systems: the growing bourgeois and the weakening slave system. Against the backdrop of this struggle, political history emerges more clearly USA during the period between the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. The beginning of a protracted conflict was the decision on the fate of the state Missouri. The planters tried to pass a law through Congress to classify this state as a slave state, but met fairly organized resistance from delegates from free states. However, the conflict ended in a compromise. North of certain boundaries and west Missouri slavery was prohibited. The state of Missouri was designated as a slave state, but the new state of Maine was admitted as a free state. The admission of free states undermined the position of slaveholders in the Senate. The Missouri Compromise only slightly delayed the open battle between the two economic systems. It was violated when the question of the fate of the states was being decided California, New Mexico и Utah. В 1865 BC Congress passed the 13th Amendment to the Constitution to abolish slavery throughout the territory USA. In 1866 BC The 14th Amendment is adopted, which gives blacks civil rights. Anyone who was born in USA or was naturalized, recognized as a citizen USA and the state where he lived. It did not apply only to Indians who were exempt from paying taxes. The amendment prohibited states from infringing on, limiting the rights of citizens, and depriving them of life, liberty, and property without due process. Author: Selyanin A.V. << Back: Constitution of 1787 >> Forward: Ancient China
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