History of state and law of foreign countries. Cabinet Office of England (most important)

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History of state and law of foreign countries. Cabinet Office of England (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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Cabinet of England

The Cabinet of Ministers in England, as a representative of the executive branch of government:

1) determined the direction of the national policy;

2) exercised executive power;

3) supervised the legislative activity of the Parliament.

All the work of the cabinet took place under the direct supervision of the prime minister. Communication with the monarch was maintained through the prime minister. He also led the central bodies of his party and managed its funds. The establishment of government control over the House of Commons was marked by a decisive invasion of the cabinet into the legislative sphere, which had previously been the exclusive competence of parliament. It should be noted that the legislative initiative shown by ordinary deputies has practically lost all significance. Thus, bills not supported by the cabinet had no chance of gaining parliamentary approval. Many bills could only be proposed by the cabinet.

The helplessness of parliament and the omnipotence of the cabinet of ministers were especially evident during the discussion of the budget and other financial bills. Bills of this kind were introduced only in the name of the crown, that is, in fact, the cabinet. The House of Commons had no right either to increase the amount of appropriations or to change the purpose of its purpose. The so-called “fixed expenses” available in the budget, which are not subject to discussion, could in no case be reduced by the House of Commons (civil list, costs of maintaining judges, secret fund, etc.). The cabinet could issue regulations without the participation of parliament (delegated legislation). The absence of a written constitution in this country removed even formal obstacles to expanding the legislative functions of the government. It should be said that the procedure of the English Parliament was brought into line with the changed conditions.

В 1881 BC the so-called "hurried resolution" is adopted, according to which the prime minister received the right to propose to the House of Commons to recognize this or that issue as urgent. Such a proposal was put to the vote without any discussion. This rule was enshrined in 1882 BC as a permanent rule of parliamentary rules. The institution of termination (or closure) of debates was further developed in 1887 BC All deputies received the right to propose ending the discussion. Such a resolution had to be put to a vote immediately. This measure was especially effective when a separate issue or bill was passing through parliament.

В 1909 BC The speaker of the House of Commons was given the right: from among the proposed amendments to any article of the bill, choose one that, in his opinion, most clearly illuminates the issue. The new procedure was called "kangaroo". The cabinet could also act on the basis of the powers that the royal prerogative or statutes presented to it. Thus, he had complete freedom in relation to the crown colonies and other possessions of Great Britain. The Minister of Foreign Affairs informed the Parliament of the current diplomatic activity only to the extent that he considered it possible. The most important foreign policy affairs were carried out without the slightest participation of parliamentarians. If the government thought it necessary to make a statement in the House of Commons on foreign policy issues, the Foreign Secretary often knowingly lied to the Commoners. Equally illusory was the control of the "people's representatives" in the military sphere. Thus, many spheres of state activity were beyond the control of the parliament.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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