Instructions for labor protection when loading and unloading viscous oil products

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Instructions for labor protection when loading and unloading viscous oil products

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General requirements for labor protection

1.1. The instruction provides for general safety requirements when carrying out operations related to the heating of viscous petroleum products when draining from railway tanks, pumping through pipelines, storing in tanks, filling into tankers, ships, barrels, etc.

1.2. When loading and unloading viscous oil products, in addition to the requirements set forth in this instruction, the requirements of the "Instruction on labor protection during loading and unloading operations in tank farms, on railway and autoloading racks" must be met.

1.3. Persons at least 18 years of age who have passed a medical examination, trained in the relevant program, instructed at the workplace and are allowed to work independently are allowed to work on loading and unloading viscous petroleum products.

The connection of means of electrical heating of viscous oil products must be performed by personnel with an electrical safety group of at least III in accordance with the "Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations" and the "Safety regulations for the operation of consumer electrical installations", who have been instructed in safety precautions during work related to the maintenance of electrical heating equipment.

1.4. Service personnel during loading and unloading operations may be exposed to the following hazardous and harmful factors:

thermal burns in case of violation of the rules for the safe operation of equipment, as well as in the event of an explosion or fire, in case of depressurization of equipment and pipelines;
electric shock in the event of a violation of the insulation of electrical wires, a malfunction of the ground;
mechanical injury.

1.5. Service personnel, in accordance with applicable regulations, must be provided with overalls and safety shoes.

1.6. Service personnel involved in loading and unloading operations must be trained in first aid for victims of accidents.

2. Labor protection requirements before starting work

2.1. Put on the issued overalls and safety shoes and check the availability and serviceability of personal protective equipment and primary fire extinguishing equipment.

2.2. Before loading and unloading, it is necessary to check the correct opening of all switching valves, gate valves, the serviceability of filling devices, steam heaters, the tightness of the connections of telescopic pipes or sleeves, as well as the serviceability and reliability of the protective grounding of the railway overpass, railway tracks, drain-filling hoses with tips.

The detected leak must be repaired immediately.

2.3. Before turning on the electric heaters for heating oil products in railway tanks, the serviceability of the heating elements and wire insulation, as well as the density of contacts at the wire connection points, must be checked. Turning on faulty electric heaters is not allowed.

2.4. The use of electric heaters must be coordinated with the fire supervision.

3. Labor protection requirements during work

3.1. Railway overpasses must be equipped with serviceable bridges for the transition of workers to the tank. It is forbidden to pass from the overpass to the tank not on the bridges.

3.2. Bridges, at the point of contact with the tank, must have insulating (wooden or rubber) linings.

3.3. Raising and lowering bridges must be mechanized. During the loading and unloading of tanks, bridges must be raised.

3.4. When lowering and raising the drain-and-fill hoses with the help of an electric winch, it is forbidden to stand near the tight rope between the load and the winch. The winch must be grounded.

3.5. It is possible to heat frozen oil products in railway tanks, in pipelines, as well as in unloading devices only with steam, hot water, heated oil product (circulation method) or electric heaters. It is forbidden to use open fire for this purpose (bonfires, braziers, torches, blowtorches, etc.).

The heated section of the pipeline must be disconnected from the operating system.

3.6. When heating an oil product in tanks to a temperature of 90°C or lower, the heating temperature must be at least 15°C lower than the flash point of its vapors.

If it is necessary to heat the oil product to a temperature of more than 90°C, the oil product must be dehydrated, and the limiting temperature of heating must be at least 25°C lower than the flash of its vapors.

3.7. Steam coils and electric heaters should be put into operation only after they are immersed in the oil product to a depth of at least 500 mm from the liquid level to the upper edge of the heater.

Electric heating pads may be used when heating petroleum products with a flash point of at least 80°C.

3.8. During the heating of the oil product, it is necessary to ensure that when the oil product expands with increasing temperature, there is no release from the tank.

3.9. Drainage of oil products with immersion heaters on is prohibited.

3.10. During the operation of the electric heating system, the maintenance personnel are obliged to monitor the temperature with the help of regulation and control devices, preventing overheating; upon detection of malfunctions and the electric heater system, take measures to eliminate them.

In case of overheating or other malfunctions, the power supply must be turned off.

The inclusion of electric heating is allowed only after the complete elimination of faults.

3.11. During the operation of electric heating systems, it is prohibited:

carry out work on the installation, switched on under voltage, with the exception of special cases related to control and measurement and verification operations;
turn on immersion heaters without a blocking device;
turn on heating devices with insulation resistance below the norm;
turn on heating devices without protective grounding;
turn on a faulty electric heating system and heaters with broken sealing coatings or lead insulation;
repair, wind up and install flexible tape heaters under voltage.

3.12. During loading, it is necessary to control the level of oil products, preventing the overflow of the tank. Accidentally spilled oil products should be removed immediately, and the spill site should be cleaned and covered with sand.

3.13. All steam pipelines on the loading and unloading rack must be insulated and equipped with condensate drain pipes at low points.

3.14. To avoid hydraulic shocks, steam heaters must be freed from water (condensate) before starting steam in them. Steam start-up is carried out by gradual and smooth opening of steam valves. When starting steam into the coils of the tanks, all condensate drain pipes must be open.

In order to control the tightness of steam heaters and prevent watering of the oil product, it is necessary to constantly monitor the purity of the flowing condensate.

3.15. When draining, the drainer must ensure that the front drain tray and central spout do not overflow.

4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations

4.1. In the event of an accident during loading and unloading, it is necessary to take measures to prevent the loss of oil products, notify the senior duty officers at the oil depot, inform the fire brigade, stop all technological operations, take measures to remove people from the danger zone, take part in the elimination of the accident according to the accident elimination plan.

4.2. When viscous oil products catch fire, all fire extinguishing agents are used, except for water: foam, carbon dioxide, sand, felt mat, etc.

4.3. In case of an accident, the victim must be given first aid, if necessary, call an ambulance, report the accident to the immediate supervisor.

5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work

5.1. Tidy up your workspace. It is forbidden:

throw tools, equipment parts and other items from the overpass and tank;
scatter oiled ends and rags; to avoid fire, they should be put in iron boxes with lids, which must be periodically emptied in a specially designated place.

5.2. Spilled oil products, during loading and unloading operations, must be removed, and the cleaned area should be covered with sand.

5.3. Overalls and footwear should be stored separately from home clothes in special cabinets.

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