History of state and law of foreign countries. November Revolution in Germany (most important)

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History of state and law of foreign countries. November Revolution in Germany (most important)

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November Revolution in Germany

On the 1917 in Germany there were all the material prerequisites for the transition, after the overthrow of the monarchy and the elimination of feudal remnants, to the solution of the tasks of the socialist revolution.

Class contradictions escalated as the 1st World War 1914-18, which brought huge profits to the junkers and bourgeoisie and severe hardships to the masses.

Great influence on the rise of the revolutionary movement in Germany provided Great October socialist revolution in of Russia. Has acquired a political character January general strike of 1918, covering over 1 million workers. The workers fought against the imperialist war and the predatory plans of German imperialism against Soviet Russia, for an immediate democratic peace and the overthrow of the Kaiser-imperialist government. During the strike, the workers created Soviets. The revolutionary ferment also engulfed the army. To fall 1918 complete defeat became apparent Germany in the 1st World War. This hastened the maturation of the revolution.

October 7 1918 held a group conference "Spartak" (see "Spartak Union"), at which the program of the people's revolution was adopted. Based on the balance of class forces, the program basically correctly formulated the main national and social task of the revolution: the immediate end of the war, the overthrow of German imperialism as a prerequisite for solving the problems of the socialist revolution.

Under pressure from the revolutionary masses, the government lifted the state of siege, proclaimed freedom of association and amnesty for political prisoners, and established an 8-hour working day. But at the same time it entered into an alliance with the monarchist and reactionary at the head of the army. P. Hindenburg to fight together against the revolution. Relying on the army, which was commanded by cadet-militarist elements, the Council of People's Deputies went on the offensive against the rights that the workers had just won. In the struggle against the revolutionary masses, the reaction relied on the help of the imperialists. USA, UK and France. On November 5, the government Max of Baden expelled from Berlin's Soviet ambassador.

November 11, 1918 a truce was signed between Germany and the Entente (see Compiegne Truce 1918).

By its terms Germany kept her army. Government Ebert-Scheidemann voluntarily undertook to leave the German occupation troops in Ukraine and the Baltic states until the troops arrived there The Entente. Thus, the Social Democratic government continued the anti-Soviet course of the Kaiser's policy - a policy that contradicted the fundamental national interests of the German people. In an effort to prevent the expropriation of capitalist property, the government launched widespread propaganda for the so-called. socialization and created, together with the owners of the concerns and the trade union leadership, the Socialization Commission (led by K. Kautsky), whose activities were reduced to demagogic maneuvers.

Ebert-Scheidemann government went over to an open attack on the working class. AT night from 23 to 24 December 1918 government troops attacked a revolutionary naval division in Berlin. With the help of armed workers, the sailors repulsed this action by the counter-revolutionary forces and were ready to launch a counteroffensive, but the leaders "independent" tore it off. AT January 1919 the bourgeoisie provoked the proletariat into premature action and used its unpreparedness to crush the revolutionary movement. On January 15, the leaders of the revolution were brutally murdered K. Liebknecht и R. Luxembourg. Accepted July 31, 1919 Constituent Assembly Weimar Constitution of 1919 consolidated the establishment of a bourgeois republic.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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