History of state and law of foreign countries. Reform of Servius Tullius (most important)

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History of state and law of foreign countries. Reform of Servius Tullius (most important)

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Reform of Servius Tullius

It should be noted that the very first and most important was the reform that historical tradition ascribes to the sixth Roman rex. Servius Tulliuswho ruled the city in the middle of the VI century. BC uh. reform Servia Tullia was produced separation of patricians and plebeians into five categories, or classes, depending on the property status:

1) the first class consisted of all those (both patricians and plebeians) whose property reached 100 thousand asses. Of these, 80 centuries (hundreds) were formed;

2) the second class - with a qualification of 75 thousand asses - received 22 centuries;

3) the third class - with a qualification of 50 thousand asses - 20 centuries;

4) the fourth class - with a qualification of 25 thousand asses - 22 centuries;

5) the fifth - with a qualification of 11 thousand asses - 30 centuries.

Rome's supreme authority was comitia centuriata, consisting of representatives of five classes of the population. Each class was assigned a certain number of centuries (hundreds). Each century had one vote and, therefore, acted as a single whole. The first to vote according to the established order were the horsemen and 80 centuries of the first class. If they agreed, that was the end of the matter: the rest of the centuries were not involved in voting. The required majority of votes was available (98 out of 193). This was how the main effect was achieved: the decisive influence in public administration matters remained with the rich. You should know that 100 thousand asses was taken to be a normal Roman land plot equal to approximately 5 hectares of arable land, yielding about 5 tons of grain. But since the main wealth at that time was supposed to consist not so much in land as in livestock, a common equivalent was chosen as the unit of measurement - the bronze ace. In both cases, we are talking about a fairly large farm, especially if we take into account the comparative modesty of life and demands characteristic of Ancient Rome.

reform Servia Tullia the city of Rome was divided into four territorial districts - tribes. Since 471 BC. e. meetings of the plebeians according to tribes, the so-called tribute meetings, received the right to issue decisions of a general nature, binding on some plebeians. Mandatory for the entire Roman community, that is, for the patricians, the decisions of the tributary assemblies became (according to one of the versions) with the adoption of the law Valeria и Horace в 449 BC uh. The same consuls passed a resolution that provided the plebeian, accused of a crime, to seek protection from the people's assembly - the centuriate comitia (the patricians had this right for a long time). AT 444 BC uh. the bill was introduced canulea on the admission of plebeians to the consular post, the highest in the state. The bill did not pass, but a compromise decision was made to allow the plebeians to fill the position of military tribunes with consular power. AT 445 BC uh. law of the people's tribune canulea Marriages between patricians and plebeians were allowed, which until that time had been strictly prohibited. Finally, in 367 BC uh. after a long and bitter struggle between patricians and plebeians, a law was passed Licinia и Sextia. They established the maximum size of land owned by individual families - 125 hectares and the maximum limits of a private herd grazing on a public pasture (100 heads of cattle and 500 small ones). It was also established that one of the consuls of the Roman Republic should be a plebeian. As can be seen from the above, the reform Servia Tullia still far from equating the patricians with the plebeians, not to mention the fact that the number of plebeians in the centuries of the first class could not be any significant.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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