History of state and law of foreign countries. Third Republic (most important)

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History of state and law of foreign countries. Third Republic (most important)

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Third republic

28 May 1871 the Versaillese occupied Paris. 22 tribunals continuously handed down guilty verdicts day and night against the Communards. After the death of the Commune France was at the mercy of embittered reactionaries and monarchists. While the monarchists were arguing about a candidate for the throne, the republicans gradually strengthened their positions. In almost all partial elections, the supporters of the monarchy were defeated, which no doubt reflected public opinion.

The powers of the Chamber of Deputies included the adoption of laws and the budget. The government was responsible to the national assembly. In the event of a vote of no confidence, it had to resign immediately. The Senate consisted of 300 members, of which 75 were elected by the Chamber of Deputies for life, the rest - by departments. In the law on public relations of July 16, 1875 the powers of the president were written down in detail. So, he was elected at a joint meeting of the chambers by secret ballot for a period of seven years, he could be re-elected for the next term. The president had the right of legislative initiative, was the commander of the army, appointed and dismissed officials, and performed the functions of the head of state. In addition, he could, with the consent of the Senate, dissolve the Chamber of Deputies or postpone its meetings. Acts of the President required the signature of the relevant minister. The president could not speak in the chambers, but had to communicate with them through ministers or through messages. In the 80s, the Republicans ensured that the president was gradually pushed aside from exercising important powers, and the real power passed to the council of ministers. The tradition of electing a low-initiative person of average ability as president arose from the distrust of Republicans in major statesmen who could restore the hateful monarchy. The village was going through a protracted agrarian crisis. The owners of small land plots could not apply technology on a large scale, use the achievements of agronomic science. The limited size of plots of land almost ruled out the possibility of their fragmentation between descendants. Population growth in the country was extremely low. The financial bourgeoisie considered it more profitable to place their capital not in their own country, but abroad. Most often, loans were given to European powers. Banks gradually began to control the political and economic life of the country, to influence the activities of the government. Through banks, the two hundred richest families controlled parliament, ministers, the press, and the entire local administration. The ruling classes of the country sought to keep up with their English brethren in the seizure and plunder of the colonies. By the size of the colonial possessions France second only to UK. The heterogeneity of the working class led to the emergence of various political groupings, in particular the reformist workers' party, which was created in 1880 BC

The bourgeoisie, in turn, sought to split the working-class movement by any means, to prevent its unity. Experienced in political machinations, she acted with handouts, threats, and sometimes the use of armed force. The government skillfully played on the feelings of believing Catholics and Protestants, atheists and sectarians, encouraged chauvinism and anti-Semitism. So, on a false accusation of espionage in 1894 BC the captain was convicted A. Dreyfus, Jewish by nationality. The great writer came to his defense E. Zola, one of the organizers of the Dreyfusard camp. Only after 12 years Drivefus was fully rehabilitated.

Thus, the third French Republic was built and existed in a constant change of political and governmental moods.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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