History of state and law of foreign countries. Transformations of the state and law of foreign countries in the 20th century, general characteristics (the most important)

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History of state and law of foreign countries. Transformations of the state and law of foreign countries in the 20th century, general characteristics (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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Transformations of the state and law of foreign countries in the 20th century, general characteristics

XX century became a continuation of the New Age. Beginning with the revolutions in England and France, the wars of Cromwell and Napoleon, the war for the independence of the North American colonies of England, the New Age continued in the 20th century. not only the emancipation of the individual, the colossal successes of scientific and technological progress, material production, a significant increase in the world's population, but also world wars, the Cold War with the division of the world into warring blocs, finally brought humanity to the brink of an ecological crisis.

New ideology, substantiated by the French enlighteners, affirming faith in man and the limitless possibilities of the mind, gave rise to ideological movements of the 20th century. “Liberty, equality, fraternity,” pushing aside traditional religions, not only rescued people from the shackles of the Middle Ages, but also led them to the guillotine and Jacobin terror, gas chambers and concentration camps. Ideas about building a state and world community on the basis of a social contract, international law and a fair order are beginning to be replaced by the idea of freedom without moral principles and God, that is, the law of force.

In its development, the new ideology was embodied in the Marxist theory of the liberation of peoples from exploitation, in fascist ideas about a superior race.

In Western liberal theories, priority began to be given to the rights and freedoms of the individual, democracy; The ideas of an “open society” were asserted with the obsolescence of state sovereignties. However, it happened that the human, humanistic content of the new ideology in the practical activities of states was distorted beyond recognition. And liberal democracy often turned into manifestations of extreme individualism, freedom of pornography, “soft” drugs, “regulated democracy”, subordinate to the power of capital, and even “denial of all ideology” with the establishment of an ideology of permissiveness, the cult of power, limitless enrichment and maximum consumption.

Revolution (breakdown - “turning point”) during the transition to a higher state with a change in value orientations were accompanied by an exorbitant exaggeration of the powers and capabilities of the “liberated mind”, its ability to build an ideal society and change the world, as well as crisis and turmoil, especially regrettable human and material losses .

World Wars. The new and higher, born of revolutions, since the times of the wars of Cromwell and Napoleon, has sought to establish itself throughout the observable space. In the 20th century this new thing, in the extremes of vulgar rationalism, with the expansion of ties and interdependence of peoples, strengthened by the achievements of weapons technology, twice brought the world to incalculable human casualties and destruction.

But also in peacetime with the convergence of civilizations and the sharper manifestation of ethnic and age differences between peoples, sometimes ignoring these differences, such new things sought to assert their superiority not only by the threat and use of the latest weapons in local wars, but, above all, by economic pressure, the power of money; establishing control over the media, and in the ideological sphere - upholding the idea of globalism, a single human civilization. The latter pursued certain political goals, but “the thesis about the unification of the world on the basis of the Western economic system as a natural result of a single and continuous process of human history leads to gross distortions of facts and a striking narrowing of historical horizons.”

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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