History of state and law of foreign countries. French Constitution of 1793. Jacobin dictatorship (most important)

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History of state and law of foreign countries. French Constitution of 1793. Jacobin dictatorship (most important)

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The French Constitution of 1793. Jacobin dictatorship

In response to the accusation of the Girondins of usurping power, the Jacobins hastily prepared a draft of the most democratic constitution. France.

June 24, 1793 The Convention solemnly approved its text and put it up for public discussion. The project was approved by the vast majority of the nation. The constitution established a republican regime. The Jacobin Constitution contained a more radical interpretation of the principles of popular sovereignty than the Constitution 1791 BC It established the right to vote for all French people over the age of 21. The division of voters into active and passive was abolished. Elections of deputies - direct, equal. The supreme legislative power belonged to the nation itself. A permanent unicameral legislative body was established. The functions of state administration were assigned to the Executive Council of 24 people. Electors from the departments were involved in his election. This body could act only on the basis of laws and decrees and was accountable for its actions to the legislative body. At the end of each session, the executive committee was to be half renewed. Accountability, electivity, turnover, the large number of the Council had the goal of preventing the usurpation of its power. The Jacobin constitution was the most radical in spirit and form, the most advanced act of the French bourgeois revolution. But it could enter into force only after a new legislative body was assembled, to which none of the deputies of the Convention could be elected. However, the difficult external situation did not allow the Constitution to be put into effect.

Along with the adoption of the Constitution, the Jacobin dictatorship - summer 1793 Under her rule, the supreme body of the republic was the Convention, which exercised in full the highest, legislative, executive, control and judicial power. The power of the revolutionary government was concentrated in the Committee of Public Safety. He directed military, diplomatic, food affairs, other bodies were subordinate to him, and the Committee itself had to report weekly to the Convention. The Jacobins reorganized the army, introduced universal conscription. Tight control was established over foreign trade and the activities of large merchants. autumn 1793 BC detachments of sans-culottes were created, designed to fight speculators, to seek for Paris food and destroy royalist plots. Speculation was punishable by death. With the help of the revolutionary army, bread was requisitioned from wealthy peasants. Gold and silver of private individuals were taken into account. Forced loans were taken from the rich, they were heavily taxed. At the same time, a maximum wage was set for workers, which caused them to resent it, as the cost of living rose and the purchasing power of money fell. The consolidation of political, legislative and executive power was an effective means in revolutionary transformations and the fight against enemies. France. Local government was built on centralized principles. The Jacobin dictatorship relied on mass popular organizations, and above all on the Commune Paris. Summing up the review of the Jacobin dictatorship, let us say that their energetic and courageous activity in the eradication of feudalism had a wide scope. They introduced a new chronology from the moment of the republic, approved a new calendar, passed a decree on compulsory primary education, and even tried to create a new religion - the cult of Reason. All residents began to be called citizens, the appeal to "you" was canceled, etc.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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