History of state and law of foreign countries. Second Republic. Paris Commune (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

History of state and law of foreign countries. Second Republic. Paris Commune (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Table of contents (expand)

Second Republic. Parisian Commune

Having seized power, the bourgeois republicans launched an offensive against their former ally, the working class. In June 1848 BC the proletariat of Paris again raised an uprising, which was brutally suppressed. By order of the Minister of War Cavaignac troops fired on the participants of the June uprising for four days. It was one of the first organized clashes between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The "Social Republic" was approved, but it was possible. The bourgeoisie then had the upper hand, its parties received a majority in the Constituent Assembly.

November 4, 1848 The new French constitution came into force. The Republic was proclaimed the final form of government. Its principles were national sovereignty, freedom, equality, fraternity. The foundations of society were: family, property, labor, social order. The separation of powers was considered the first condition for the existence of a free government. Legislative power passed to the unicameral National Assembly. Direct, general elections by secret ballot were proclaimed.

For preliminary consideration of bills and control of administrative bodies, the State Council was established. Executive power was vested in the president, who was elected by popular vote for a term of 4 years. The president was endowed with broad powers. Shortly after the entry into force of the Constitution 1848 BC presidential elections were held. Received the majority of votes Louis Bonaparte, nephew Napoleon. He was supported by the peasantry.

Bonaparte he tried to immediately restore the empire, but ran into resistance from members of the Legislative Corps. January 14 1852 BC in a few hours, a new constitution was written and entered into force. All power was transferred to the president, who was elected for 10 years. Another step was taken towards the establishment of an empire. The empire expressed the interests of the big bourgeoisie, especially the financial one, as well as businessmen interested in capturing new colonies.

Defeat under Sedan put France to the brink of national disaster. The Prussians occupied most of its territory and briefly occupied parts of Paris. Favorites February 8, 1871 The National Assembly consisted of covert and overt monarchists. The assembly appointed the monarchist Thiers as head of government. The big bourgeoisie was more afraid of the armed workers than Bismarck. Under the terms of the preliminary peace France undertook to pay Prussia a huge indemnity of 5 billion francs, Alsace and Lorraine went to Prussia. The workers, the progressive intelligentsia, and the petty bourgeois came to the defense of the capital. AT September 1870 in Paris, 215 battalions of the national guard were formed, at the same time a mass political organization arose - the Republican Federation of the National Guard of the Seine. The Central Committee of the National Guard actually became the embryo of a new people's power. The situation in Paris was pre-revolutionary. At night March 18, 1871 government troops managed to capture almost all the artillery of the national guard, located on the heights Montmartre. Soon, almost the entire division of the Versaillese went over to the side of the insurgent workers. This was one of the decisive moments of the proletarian revolution. By order of the Central Committee, the National Guard battalions occupied the police buildings, ministries, the railway station, and the barracks. On the evening of March 19, the red banner of labor was hoisted over the building of the city hall. Thus, as a result of a popular uprising, the Paris Commune arose - the world's first proletarian state, an organ of the dictatorship of the working class. She lasted 72 days.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

<< Back: The French Constitution of 1793. Jacobin dictatorship

>> Forward: Third republic

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ Audit. Crib

▪ outpatient pediatrics. Lecture notes

▪ Children's surgery. Lecture notes

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

By 2030, one in five cars in Japan will be self-driving 04.03.2017

The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan has set a plan to popularize self-driving cars in the country. By 2030, 20% of cars in the country should be unmanned.

Already this year, the Japanese government approved the use of self-driving cars in areas with relatively low population density. In 2020, unmanned taxis will operate at the Tokyo Olympics. In 2025, self-driving cars will be allowed to drive on the highways, in 2027 - on the roads of small towns, in 2030 - on all roads of the country.

Japan's largest automaker Toyota Motor plans to begin commercial use of self-driving cars of its own design in the coming year.

Other interesting news:

▪ electric sail

▪ LibreSync LS9 Wireless Module

▪ Mosquito trap

▪ eMMC v5.0 standard

▪ AI will help Meta achieve realistic sound in virtual worlds

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ site section Lighting. Article selection

▪ article Correspondence of models and chassis of SAMSUNG TVs. Directory

▪ article What is a flounder? Detailed answer

▪ Guarana article. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ article Toroidal welding transformer from available parts. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Automatic switch of TV inputs. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews