History of state and law of foreign countries. Reforms in capitalist countries. Labor and social insurance laws (most important)

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History of state and law of foreign countries. Reforms in capitalist countries. Labor and social insurance laws (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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Reforms in the capitalist countries. Labor and social security laws

Socialist revolution in Russia, November revolution in Germany, socialist revolution in Hungary etc. forced the bourgeois governments to reforms aimed at weakening the pressure of the working class. It's time for change. It matches with the end of the war of 1914-1918., but every time we see that one or another of the changes is preceded by a Soviet decree corresponding in content, a decree of the victorious October revolution.

October 29, 1917 The Soviet government decides to introduce 8 hour worker days, the first among many acts of labor law Soviet Russia.

In 1918 The first Soviet code of labor laws is published.

Under this influence, 1918 BC The 48-hour work week is recognized by law Germany, Poland, Luxembourg, Czechoslovakia, Austria; in 1919 - Yugoslavia, Denmark, Spain, France, Portugal, Switzerland, Sweden, Holland, Belgium, Italy. Government England refrained from issuing a general law on working time, however, it also had to agree to the introduction of a 7-hour working day for miners and an 8-hour one for railway workers. To 1920 BC collective agreements did what the law did: the 48-hour week became a fact in England. It replaced 55-51 hours of work in the pre-war period (depending on industries). In France 8 hours came to replace 11-10-9 hours of daily work. In The United Stateswhere any attempt to improve was frustrated by the reactionary opposition of the administration and the courts, about half of the industrial workers (48,6%) secured a 48-hour work week for themselves.

Dutch law 1919 prohibits the work of children under 14 years of age, restricts the work of women and adolescents in unhealthy enterprises, establishes that adolescents under 18 years of age should not work on Sundays.

Austrian law 1920 grants workers a week's annual leave, Czechoslovak laws on juvenile labor and holidays are enacted in 1919-1921, English laws on female and juvenile labor - in 1921 etc.

Reforms of social insurance. Pensions for old age, sickness, disability, and in some places even unemployment were known to some European countries (very few) even before 1918 BC

The war, of course, caused an increase in expenditures under the relevant items, and yet there is a picture that is not without interest: the revision of all this legislation for the better.

In England, which significantly changed social security laws 1911 and 1913 (Unemployment Benefits Act 1920; Acts 1921, 1925); for example Holland, which is ahead of many developed capitalist countries in terms of social legislation - laws 1910-1913 were revised here in 1917-1919. (Law 1919 for the Provision of Disabled Persons, 1919 BC - on social security in old age, etc.); For example Austria (laws 1919-1920). In Francedespite the law 1898 BC, which provided for some benefits for victims of accidents, etc., the government and parliament considered it necessary (immediately after the end of the war) to appoint a commission to develop a new law on social security (its draft was submitted already in 1921), but it was veiled to the satisfaction of both houses before 1928

In addition to the countries listed above, a new phase of social legislation was Germany. November Revolution of 1918 and the events that followed it are quite sufficient to understand the reasons for the sudden liberalization of the German ruling classes.

Author: Selyanin A.V.

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