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Inferiority complex

Alfred Adler

Phraseologism: Inferiority complex.

Meaning: Hypertrophied, painful exaggeration of one's own shortcomings, which is expressed in timidity, self-doubt, etc.

Origin: A medical term that came into wide circulation after the publication of the book "On the Inferiority of Organs" (1907) by an Austrian psychiatrist. psychologist, student of Freud and founder of "individual psychology" Alfred Adler (1870-1937). The author speaks in his work about the "affective" (overly emotional) reaction of a person to his actual or imagined physical, personal and other shortcomings. This reaction leads to depression, low self-esteem, difficulties in communicating with others, that is, the sum (complex) of psychological problems, which is commonly called an inferiority complex.

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Random news from the Archive Flywheel hybrid automotive technology 02.04.2014 Volvo is testing innovative Flybrid KERS technology, which will increase the power of the power plant of cars by 80 horsepower and reduce fuel consumption by up to 25%. For four years, the companies have been testing Flybrid KERS on public roads and at test sites in Sweden and the UK. This research is part of the development of Volvo Drive-E engines, which will offer "an uncompromising combination of high performance and economy." Flybrid KERS is a special system that provides for the installation of a flywheel on the rear axle of a front-wheel drive car. The technology was tested on the S60 model, which is equipped with a T5 five-cylinder gasoline engine with a capacity of 254 hp. With. Flybrid KERS provides kinetic energy recovery: during braking, energy that would otherwise be lost in the form of heat is transferred from the wheels to the KERS system and drives a carbon fiber flywheel that spins up to 60 rpm. When the car starts moving again, the energy stored by the rotating flywheel is transferred back to the rear wheels through a special transmission, which allows for faster acceleration or less stress on the power plant. The internal combustion engine, which transmits torque to the front wheels, is switched off as soon as the braking process begins. The flywheel's energy can be used to start from a standstill or to keep the car moving when it reaches a certain speed. The energy provided by the flywheel is enough to drive the car for short distances. This has a significant effect on fuel economy. Volvo calculates that the engine will be off for half the time to drive. The flywheel is driven during braking, so recuperation energy is only available to a limited extent. This technology is most effective in conditions where the vehicle often brakes and starts moving again. In other words, fuel economy will be most noticeable when driving in city traffic or when driving dynamically. If the energy recuperation of the flywheel is taken into account with the full power of the internal combustion engine, then the car receives an additional 80 hp. With. Thanks to the high torque, the car is capable of fast accelerations: for example, the experimental Volvo S60 T5, equipped with this system, accelerates to 100 km/h about 1,5 seconds faster than the standard model. The KERS rear-wheel drive makes the car partially all-wheel drive, improving traction and stability during acceleration. In addition, Volvo used the Flybrid flywheel, which includes a steel base and a carbon fiber outer part. Such a device weighs about six kilograms, and the diameter is 20 centimeters. The flywheel rotates in a vacuum, which avoids energy loss due to friction.

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