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How infections spread

15.11.2009

An unusual study is underway in the French town of Berck-sur-Mer. About 800 residents of the town were provided with electronic devices that react to the approach of the same device at a distance of 2 meters or less and register such meetings.

As a result, a "diary" of contacts between participants in the experiment is created. Weekly, these volunteers take a swab from the nasal cavity and determine which bacteria live there. Genetic analysis allows you to establish not only the type, but also the strain of bacteria. For six months, information has been accumulated on a billion cases of contact between people and more than 16 thousand data on microbes that participants in the experiment involuntarily exchanged.

Data processing will take at least another year and a half, the experimenters hope to find out the laws of the spread of infections.

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Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Machine for thinning flowers in gardens 02.05.2024

In modern agriculture, technological progress is developing aimed at increasing the efficiency of plant care processes. The innovative Florix flower thinning machine was presented in Italy, designed to optimize the harvesting stage. This tool is equipped with mobile arms, allowing it to be easily adapted to the needs of the garden. The operator can adjust the speed of the thin wires by controlling them from the tractor cab using a joystick. This approach significantly increases the efficiency of the flower thinning process, providing the possibility of individual adjustment to the specific conditions of the garden, as well as the variety and type of fruit grown in it. After testing the Florix machine for two years on various types of fruit, the results were very encouraging. Farmers such as Filiberto Montanari, who has used a Florix machine for several years, have reported a significant reduction in the time and labor required to thin flowers. ... >>

Advanced Infrared Microscope 02.05.2024

Microscopes play an important role in scientific research, allowing scientists to delve into structures and processes invisible to the eye. However, various microscopy methods have their limitations, and among them was the limitation of resolution when using the infrared range. But the latest achievements of Japanese researchers from the University of Tokyo open up new prospects for studying the microworld. Scientists from the University of Tokyo have unveiled a new microscope that will revolutionize the capabilities of infrared microscopy. This advanced instrument allows you to see the internal structures of living bacteria with amazing clarity on the nanometer scale. Typically, mid-infrared microscopes are limited by low resolution, but the latest development from Japanese researchers overcomes these limitations. According to scientists, the developed microscope allows creating images with a resolution of up to 120 nanometers, which is 30 times higher than the resolution of traditional microscopes. ... >>

Air trap for insects 01.05.2024

Agriculture is one of the key sectors of the economy, and pest control is an integral part of this process. A team of scientists from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR-CPRI), Shimla, has come up with an innovative solution to this problem - a wind-powered insect air trap. This device addresses the shortcomings of traditional pest control methods by providing real-time insect population data. The trap is powered entirely by wind energy, making it an environmentally friendly solution that requires no power. Its unique design allows monitoring of both harmful and beneficial insects, providing a complete overview of the population in any agricultural area. “By assessing target pests at the right time, we can take necessary measures to control both pests and diseases,” says Kapil ... >>

The threat of space debris to the Earth's magnetic field 01.05.2024

More and more often we hear about an increase in the amount of space debris surrounding our planet. However, it is not only active satellites and spacecraft that contribute to this problem, but also debris from old missions. The growing number of satellites launched by companies like SpaceX creates not only opportunities for the development of the Internet, but also serious threats to space security. Experts are now turning their attention to the potential implications for the Earth's magnetic field. Dr. Jonathan McDowell of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics emphasizes that companies are rapidly deploying satellite constellations, and the number of satellites could grow to 100 in the next decade. The rapid development of these cosmic armadas of satellites can lead to contamination of the Earth's plasma environment with dangerous debris and a threat to the stability of the magnetosphere. Metal debris from used rockets can disrupt the ionosphere and magnetosphere. Both of these systems play a key role in protecting the atmosphere and maintaining ... >>

Solidification of bulk substances 30.04.2024

There are quite a few mysteries in the world of science, and one of them is the strange behavior of bulk materials. They may behave like a solid but suddenly turn into a flowing liquid. This phenomenon has attracted the attention of many researchers, and we may finally be getting closer to solving this mystery. Imagine sand in an hourglass. It usually flows freely, but in some cases its particles begin to get stuck, turning from a liquid to a solid. This transition has important implications for many areas, from drug production to construction. Researchers from the USA have attempted to describe this phenomenon and come closer to understanding it. In the study, the scientists conducted simulations in the laboratory using data from bags of polystyrene beads. They found that the vibrations within these sets had specific frequencies, meaning that only certain types of vibrations could travel through the material. Received ... >>

Random news from the Archive

FAST telescope 12.06.2020

The National Space Administration of China has initiated the final phase of testing of its new unique telescope called FAST, whose main goal and task is to search for and identify extraterrestrial life - and this is not so much about finding traces of such life that ever existed before, but about directly current, which may be present on other planets and galaxies.

The telescope itself is the largest telescope in its segment, because, having a length of 500 meters, it is equipped with a huge number of additional modules and sensors that eliminate the smallest errors in its operation.

That's what a team of assemblers and engineers from the Chinese Space Agency say about it, which points out that the FAST telescope is equipped with a special internal system that allows not only to efficiently cut through the thinnest and most distant radio signals in space, but also to distinguish external radio signals from internal ones, which are created by the technology of humanity itself on Earth. Of course, with such a promising description, only the highest results should be expected, at the same time, a number of experts in the field of modern space research have their own questions regarding the performance of the telescope in the long term.

The FAST telescope has been tested for several months and in December last 2019 it was even fully tested to help Chinese television, whose satellites are in Earth orbit. Chinese scientists note that the new version of the telescope is about 50% more powerful and more accurate than its original working concept.

China's FAST High Accuracy Telescope resembles in one way or another many of the third-party designs that can be found at both NASA and ESA - but the main feature of this telescope is that it targets really distant galaxies and outer exoplanets, which is a really significant advantage. before third-party projects of a similar type. It remains only to wait for further news regarding the end of the testing phase of the telescope.

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