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Heat resistant bioplastic

11.12.2020

Plastics can take hundreds or even thousands of years to decompose, while bioplastics can take several years. Previously, these materials could not withstand high temperatures, but now researchers have been able to make bioplastic products resistant even to boiling water.

Conventional plastics are stronger and more flexible than materials made from biomass. But most importantly, many synthetic polymers are stable at temperatures around 100°C, which is not the case with bioplastics.

American scientists have found a way to modify biodegradable plastics to increase their heat resistance. The scientists took as a basis polylactic acid, a cheap bioplastic that is commonly used for food packaging, bottles and disposable tableware.

Typically, this material begins to break down already at 60°C. But the researchers found that the melting point of this polymeric material is highly dependent on its internal structure. The authors changed the procedure for the synthesis of polylactic acid so that nanocrystals began to form inside it. This increased the density of the plastic and made it stronger and more thermally stable.

The researchers were able to create a cup out of the material and fill it with boiling water. The plastic didn't break or even get softer. The new material, unlike traditional plastics, degrades faster in the environment and has a smaller carbon footprint during production. Bioplastics in the future will be able to significantly reduce the burden on the environment. With increased heat resistance, the material will find even more domestic applications.

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