14. DYNAMICS OF CULTURE

The most important properties of culture - its mobility and ability to change and develop. Changes of culture in time and space describe the dynamics of culture.

Conceptual development of the problem of sociocultural development is grouped around the following areas: ideas of linear evolution, cyclicality (circular, wave) of the civilization process, synergetic approach.

evolutionary theory (by E. Taylor, C. Spencer, L. Morgan etc.) considers the dynamics of culture as a linear type of successive changes from simple to complex.

Allocation cyclicity in the dynamics of sociocultural systems (according to O. Spengler, A. Toynbee, P. Sorokin, N. Ya. Danilevsky, A. Schlesinger, E. Toffler etc.) made it possible to study the problems of the growth or decline of cultures in more detail, to predict general trends in social development.

A new vision of the world of cultural change has opened synergy (by G. Haken, I. R. Prigogine). This is a complex scientific direction that incorporates the achievements of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, control theory, theory of complex systems and information. Synergetics has radically changed the understanding of the relationship between order and chaos. Within its framework, the state of chaos began to be presented as a transition from one level of order to another. In synergetics, much attention is paid to the phenomenon of nonlinearity, which is characterized by a variety of processes and types of development trajectories. In synergetics, development is carried out through instability, the new appears as unpredictable, but exists in the spectrum of possible states, the present is not only determined by the past, but is formed from the future.

Self-organization processes arise in complex nonlinear systems.

The synergetic vision made it possible to explain many phenomena of culture as a complex system, to predict a number of its essential properties and directions of development.

The enumeration of only some approaches to the study of sociocultural dynamics nevertheless allows us to see that the dynamic process is multifactorial and complex.

Usually, classifying the types of variability, the following processes are distinguished in cultural studies.

cultural genesis - the process of reproduction of forms of culture, flowing constantly.

Inheritance of traditions - transmission from generation to generation.

cultural diffusion - the process of spatial, temporal distribution of cultural samples from one society to another during their cultural contact.

Transformation of cultural forms - their modernization, development, degradation, crisis, etc.

Reintegration - changing the meanings and symbolic characteristics of cultural phenomena.

Author: Barysheva A.D.

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