As temperatures rise, so does the appetite of insect pests. Free Technical Library News

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As temperatures rise, so does the appetite of insect pests.

11.09.2018

Insects will eat more than a person eats for lunch, says Curtis Deutsch of the University of Washington in Seattle. Based on how heat changes the metabolism and reproduction of insects, he and his colleagues estimate that every degree Celsius in the plus direction means an additional 10-25% of the crop of wheat, corn and rice eaten by insects.

Insects are already making their way, destroying 8% more of the world's corn and wheat each year, and 14% more rice. If the average temperature on Earth jumps two degrees above pre-industrial levels, annual crop losses will be as high as 10% for corn, 12% for wheat and 17% for rice. Together, this loss is about 213 million tons of grains of the three crops.

Unlike mammals and birds, insects are very dependent on the ambient temperature: the hotter it is around, the higher their temperature - and vice versa. As the insect heats up, its metabolism also speeds up. The faster it burns energy, the faster it gets hungry again; and the more it feeds, the faster it reproduces. According to the researchers, the acceleration rates do not vary greatly between different insects. Thus, scientists have developed a mathematical model by which it is possible to calculate how much the number of insects will increase, at what rate they will multiply and destroy grain in warmer climatic conditions.

The new analysis shows that pest growth is likely to be greatest in milder climates: in tropical regions, insects have almost reached their "tempo of life", which cannot be said for insects that live at lower temperatures. Under such conditions, wheat becomes the most vulnerable crop.

In addition, an increase in temperature can prevent insects from penetrating into new territories and, on the contrary, help. Warmer weather can also affect parasites that fight insect pests. In addition, both pests and plants can adapt to new conditions and develop differently. Therefore, models for predicting future risk for crops should also be improved, scientists are sure.

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