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12. TRADITIONS AND INNOVATIONS IN CULTURE
Traditions (from Latin traditio - "transfer of values from generation to generation") form the foundation of the cultural life of human society.
Traditions cover the objects of heritage, the processes of transmission of this heritage from generation to generation, as well as the procedures and methods of inheritance.
Traditions can be certain social norms and rules, values, ideas, customs, rituals, individual items. Traditions are present in any manifestation of social life, but their significance is not the same. In some areas (religion) they are of a fundamental nature, in others their presence may be minimal.
Traditions are the "collective memory" of society and culture. They provide continuity in the development of people. The process of socialization and inculturation is largely based on traditions. It is through traditions that individuals connect to group memory, mastering the experience of the past, better orient themselves in the present.
But each new generation of people does not mechanically master traditions; at each new stage of evolution, people carry out their own interpretation of traditions, their choice, endow them with a specific meaning. Some elements of cultural heritage are accepted, others are rejected, recognized as harmful and false. Therefore, traditions can be both positive and negative. The positive pole is determined by the totality of what is taken over from the heritage of the ancestors, reproduced, and implemented in the life of subsequent generations. Negative traditions include those objects and values of the past that are recognized as superfluous and require eradication.
It often happens that tradition turns from a role model into a coercive mechanism. This can turn into a tragedy for an individual and even entire social strata (for example, a conflict between fathers and children).
The opposite of tradition is innovations - mechanisms for the formation of new cultural models of various levels, which create preconditions for socio-cultural changes.
The ability to develop, update is the most important property of culture.
Change can be gradual (reformist) or abrupt (revolutionary).
When the sum of the positive consequences of changes exceeds the negative ones, then one speaks of the progress of culture.
Otherwise they say about regression.
For the progressive development of culture, both traditions and innovations are equally necessary. Absoluteization of one of the parties leads to negative processes.
The success of cultural evolution depends on the extent to which it is possible to coordinate and implement both positions.
Author: Barysheva A.D.
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