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29. ETHNIC AND NATIONAL CULTURE
The concepts of ethnic and national culture are sometimes identified. But these cultures are different.
An ethnic group is any national community (national minority, tribe, nationality). Ethnic groups have always existed, and nations arose only in modern times in the course of the state structuring of the life of many peoples.
Ethnic culture is always localized in geographic space and is homogeneous in its political, economic and social structure.
ethnic culture covers mainly the sphere of everyday life, everyday culture. Ethnic culture includes tools, mores, customs, norms, values, buildings, clothing, food, vehicles, housing, knowledge, beliefs, types of folk art.
Specialists distinguish two layers in ethnic culture: the early (lower) one, formed by elements inherited from the past, and the late (upper) one, consisting of new formations, modern cultural phenomena.
The bottom layer includes the most stable elements, fixed by centuries-old traditions, therefore it is believed that they form the framework of ethnic culture.
Ethnic culture indicates, first of all, the socio-cultural characteristics of people. National culture implies a territorial, economic and linguistic association of people with a complex social structure and political organization.
The structure of national culture more ethnic. National culture includes, along with traditional, everyday, professional and everyday, also specialized areas of culture.
Since the nation encompasses society, and society is stratified, the concept of national culture embraces the subcultures of all large groups that an ethnic culture may not have.
Most modern national cultures are polyethnic.
But national culture is not reduced to a mechanical sum of ethnic cultures. She has her own specific couples, which arose when representatives of all ethnic groups realized their national identity. Awareness by large social groups of their commitment to the territory of their settlement, the national literary language, national traditions and symbols (for example, the anthem, the flag of the state) is the content of the national culture.
Unlike ethnic culture, which links people genetically, national culture unites people who live in large areas and are not necessarily related by blood relations. National culture is formed on the foundation of written culture.
Author: Barysheva A.D.
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