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4. FUNCTIONS OF CULTURE
The term "function" (from lat. functio - "execution") is translated as "duty", "circle of activity".
The defining function of culture is humanistic, or educational, spiritual and moral. Its essence reflects the concept of "culture of the soul". From this main, system-forming function, other functional modifications of culture diverge: adaptive, regulatory, cognitive.
adaptive function culture is represented by complementary functions: adaptation (adaptation), socialization (inclusion of a person in public life) and harmonization (reconciliation of rational and irrational principles in a person). The main cultural task solved within the framework of this function is to transform a person from a biological being into a social one and stabilize him in this capacity.
Regulatory function can be represented by three complementary functions: axiological, normative, semiotic.
In this series, the most important is axiological (value) function. Culture is, first of all, a normative system, and as such it forms in a person certain value orientations (the most significant personal preferences). The measure of their assessment is their moral content.
If value orientations acquire only a pragmatic character, this can threaten both the individual and society. But culture is not only a set of norms, it is also a set of sign systems (speech, language of formulas, art, etc.).
Semiotic (sign) function presupposes a person's knowledge of special language systems.
Cognitive function includes epistemological, communicative and translational functions.
Gnoseological (cognitive) function culture is determined by its ability to concentrate the experience of many generations of people and, through its prism, to give people a holistic idea of themselves. At the same time - by way of feedback - the culture itself, its level of development, serve as an indicator that allows us to judge the transformative activity of a person (nature and himself).
Communicative function allows people to interact with each other. But for positive communication, it is important to achieve a certain level of mutual understanding, the formation of which depends on the possession of a common system of meanings and specific languages.
The function of translation, the transfer of social experience from generation to generation, also referred to as informative, or a function of historical continuity. In this function, culture acts as the "memory" of mankind.
Author: Barysheva A.D.
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