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71. INFLUENCE OF THE GEOPOLITICAL FACTOR ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN CULTURE
Russia belongs to the type of societies subject to various geographical and geopolitical influences.
V. O. Klyuchevsky, N. O. Lossky much attention was paid to the geographical conditionality of Russian history and culture.
He spoke about the geographical uniqueness of Russia, developing within the boundaries of two zones - the steppe and the forest-steppe, the contacts of Russia with the steppe L. N. Gumilyov.
The steppe was perceived most often as a threatening beginning, the habitat of the Horde, ready to fall on the country, cause ruin. Therefore, later, after the inclusion of the steppe into the Russian state, it remained for a long time a space difficult for economic development, it was inhabited by people who were looking for a free life.
Russia is also a country geopolitically sandwiched between two civilizational centers - East and West. It contains three cultural worlds - Christian, Muslim and Buddhist.
Living between different cultural poles, which, of course, influenced the direction of the cultural development of Russia, contributed to the establishment of a unique type of cultural and historical development of the country.
This aspect of the specifics of Russian history and culture was of interest to N. A. Berdyaeva. The historical and cultural Russian experience, including in geopolitical refraction, has been the subject of research A. Toynbee, O. Spengler, P. Sorokin, N. Ya. Danilevsky and more
The impact from the West and the East was ambiguous and often took extreme forms, exposing the Russian people to the threat of displacement and dispersion. Under these conditions, the role of consolidating structures - the state and religion, which were of great importance in Russia - increased sharply. External threats (especially the Mongol-Tatar invasion) showed the Russian people the danger of internal strife and the need for strong state power, which would act as a unifying and protective principle, a condition for stability and order, and the preservation of the integrity of the country.
This also constitutes the specificity of Russian history and culture, caused by the geopolitical position of the country.
The oriental despotism of the tsarist autocracy is to a certain extent a legacy of the Mongol yoke.
According to researchers, it was the inclusion of Russia in the nomadic empire of the East that allowed the country to adopt experience in managing large territories from a single center.
Geopolitical factor significantly influenced the choice of spiritual tradition - faith. Russian culture for many centuries was imbued with the Byzantine spirit and style. Rus' adopted Orthodoxy from Byzantium.
Author: Barysheva A.D.
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