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62. PREREQUISITES FOR THE APPEARANCE OF THE UNIVERSALIZATION OF CULTURE
Under cultural universalization the process of rapprochement of different cultures, their convergence, the formation on this basis of a universal culture is understood.
The comprehension of the problems of universalism, the common fate of mankind, is reflected in myths, legends, tales (for example, in the legend of Ancient Babylon, set forth in the Bible).
The phenomenon of universality became the subject of scientific research.
The ideas of universalism are derived from ideas about humanity, which has developed gradually, as different peoples come closer together.
Humanity is seen as a kind of community with a common destiny.
The humanistic ideal of humanity as a universal human race took shape during the Renaissance. The cult of man that developed in this culture aroused interest in history, which was supposed to answer the question of who was and who was to become a person not as a separate individual, but as part of the total humanity.
The Age of Enlightenment gave the idea of rationalism, faith in the rational unity of people. The search for the original universal culture, from which all peoples moved into a single world history, was carried out by many philosophers-enlighteners (F. Voltaire, I. G. Herder and etc.). The ideas of world citizenship can be traced in the writings I. Goethe, I. Kant, F. Schiller.
The idea of the unity of human history is clearly expressed in the theory of axial time K. Jaspers. In his opinion, humanity has common origins and a single path of development.
Many scholars identify religion as the basis for the unity of humanity. Particular attention is paid to the consolidating role of religion, which unites peoples in meta-associations.
The modern era is also characterized by ideas about the integrity of the world and the formation of a universal culture on this basis.
This process involves the adoption by representatives of various national cultures of a system of universal values, attitudes and orientations. This process is ambiguous, it is devoid of linear certainty. This process is largely unpredictable and is characterized by inconsistency.
Supporters of universalism are interested in the "convergence of cultures" and even seek to develop some strategies for this convergence.
The idea of universalism Western, therefore, attempts made to implement it sometimes cause a negative reaction and contribute to the growth of particularistic tendencies (ideas about the separate development of cultures).
But cultural unification does not mean unification, the reduction of the entire diversity of cultures to a single model. This is primarily about the relationship, mutual understanding of different cultures, their mutual enrichment.
Author: Barysheva A.D.
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