Культурология. Культурогенез (самое важное)

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Культурология. Культурогенез (самое важное)

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10. CULTUROGENESIS

In modern science, there are many different interpretations of the genesis of culture (the process of the birth of culture): there are tool-labor, evolutionary, psychoanalytic, symbolic, socio-cultural, game, religious and other concepts.

Within the framework of the tool-labor concept (by F. Engels) the emergence of culture is associated with the formation of a person's ability to work and his ability to create tools. The labor concept of the genesis of culture claims that the creation of artificial tools gave rise to the emergence of speech, language, consciousness, thinking and culture itself.

Evolutionist concept (by E. Taylor, J. Fraser, G. Spencer, L. G. Morgan etc.) proceeds from the fact that culture originates from the progressive development of living matter from the simplest forms to more complex ones.

Symbolic concept (by E. Kassirer) explains the emergence of culture by the fact that man, at a certain stage of his evolution, lost his instincts and was forced to exist in his likeness. This led to the gradual development of a certain system of guidelines - symbols that ensured man's adaptation to the world.

Game theory (by J. Huizinge etc.) proceeds from the recognition that the source of culture is in the natural ability of a person to play activities. The game is also inherent in animals, but only in humans it has become a meaningful form of life.

A person who plays, according to J. Huizinga, expresses the same essential function as a person who creates.

Since ancient times, the game has filled life and thus encouraged the growth of forms of archaic culture. The cult developed into a sacred game, the game was music and dance.

Law emerged from the customs of the social game. These observations led J. Huizinga to the conclusion that culture began precisely in the game.

Psychoanalytic concept (by Z. (to Freud) approaches the disclosure of the genesis of culture through the study of the phenomenon of primitive culture.

Great importance in this concept is attached to the system of prohibitions - taboos. Man acquired features that were not inherent in the animal world.

Religious concept connects the beginning of culture with the emergence of faith in God. One of the central themes in Christianity is the theme of the separation of man from God.

Culture was called upon to fill the gap between God and people, it was culture that brought high meanings to life.

At the heart of the Christian understanding of culture lies the desire for self-improvement by getting rid of sinfulness.

Faith in God gave a person the strength to overcome himself, to fill his life with moral meanings.

Author: Barysheva A.D.

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