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61. CULTURE OF POSTMODERNISM
The term "postmodernism" has been widely used since 1979 after the publication of the book by the French philosopher Jean Francois Lyotard "Postmodern State". Among writers, it was first used in 1971 by an American researcher Ihab Hassan. He also gave it a modern meaning.
Postmodernism is a concept that highlights the specifics of the state of modern Western European culture.
Postmodernism owes its origin to modernity with its cult of rational knowledge and technical transformations, confidence in the progressive development of society and the endless progress of mankind, evolving towards greater efficiency and expediency, adaptability to changing living conditions.
However, by the turn of the 1970s. environmental problems, economic stagnation, crisis conditions in culture gave rise to the idea of the "end of history", which no longer goes forward, the dead end of technocracy, and even the exhaustion of scientism.
Modernist ideas were replaced by a new worldview, which opposed the optimistic belief in the limitless possibilities of science and technology, positive prospects for the development of the world.
In the most concentrated form, the postmodern vision of the world is formed in postmodern philosophy. The impulse to this direction was given F. Nietzsche, it was continued by the classics of postmodernism: R. Barthes, M. Blanchot, J. Bordillard, G. Vattimo, P. Virilio, V. Welsh, J. Deleuze, F. Guattari, M. Foucault and more
There are various options for understanding the culture of postmodernism - from the vision of postmodernism as a phase of evolution and the deepening of modernism to the opposition of postmodernism to modernism.
Despite the different versions of the understanding of postmodernism, the new worldview has become characterized by: the perception of the world as chaos, which is possible only in fragments; understanding the world as a multiple and pluralistic phenomenon; denial of unidirectional determination; recognizing only uncertainty; acceptance of the idea of multivariate development.
Postmodernist attitudes manifested itself in literature and art. Thus, in art, postmodernism denies stylistic and genre divisions, the distinction between high and low, any hierarchy of values, the difference between art and its original - life. Postmodern culture frees a person from any kind of regulators. Newness without traditions and stereotypes becomes a way of life.
Postmodernism sees the basis of knowledge not in truth and reason, but in intuition, everyday life. The pluralistic world of postmodern man cannot be reduced to any unifying principle.
Author: Barysheva A.D.
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