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39. THE PROBLEM OF "EAST - WEST" IN CULTURE
The division of culture into Western and Eastern has a centuries-old tradition. In cultural studies, this division takes into account not only the geographical and territorial location, but primarily the characteristics of methods and ways of understanding the world, value orientations, basic ideological attitudes, socio-economic and political structures.
The concept of "western culture" European and American cultures are invested. The countries of Central, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, North Africa represent the culture of the East.
For a long time, the cultures of the West and East seemed polar to each other.
Many researchers note different types of worldviews that prevail in these regions.
Eastern worldview is built on the self-isolation of a person from the outside world and his departure into the inner, spiritual life; Western, on the contrary, aims a person at the knowledge of the external world and active influence on it. The East is characterized by the passive subordination of man to the natural principle, which is actively sacralized here.
For the West, the transformative power of man is more preferable. Eastern culture values silence, immersion in oneself. Western culture is more talkative, it most of all appreciates the ability to convince.
Oriental art is more sublime and elegant, less realistic and utilitarian. It has more understatement, mystery, symbolism.
In the East, in contrast to Western individualism, attachment to the idea of community, unity of people remains.
The ethical attitudes of the East remain faithful to conservatism and asceticism, while Western ethics are more aimed at activity, liberality, eudaimonism and utilitarianism. Eastern culture is more prone to normative excess, while Western culture is more prone to normative insufficiency.
The basis of Eastern culture is tradition. Strict behavioral regulations and ceremonial social contacts are still held in high esteem here. For the West, however, it is characteristic to overcome any kind of rituality due to the acceleration of the pace of life.
The dynamics of Western life contrasts sharply with the inertia of Eastern society.
Such a polarity of cultures in the "West-East" scheme led to the point of view, according to which the interaction between the West and the East is practically impossible.
But at present, a different view has developed in science, according to which the interaction between Western and Eastern cultures is not only possible, but also necessary and useful for the cultural progress of mankind. This interaction will not eliminate the fundamental differences between these cultures, but will mutually enrich them.
Author: Barysheva A.D.
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