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26. SOCIALIZATION AND INCULTURATION
The influence of culture on personality occurs in the processes enculturation и socialization,
through which a person acquires the knowledge and skills necessary for life in society and in a particular culture.
Under socialization understand the process of assimilation by an individual of social roles and norms. At the same time, a person is formed as a person, socially and culturally adequate to society. In the course of socialization, the individual enters the social and cultural environment, the assimilation of the values of society by him, allowing him to successfully function as a member of society.
Unlike socialization, the concept enculturation means teaching a person the traditions and norms of behavior in a particular culture.
This occurs in the process of mutual exchange between a person and his culture, in which, on the one hand, culture determines the basic personality traits, on the other, the person himself influences his culture.
Enculturation includes the formation of fundamental human skills (types of communication with other people, forms of control of social behavior and emotions, ways to meet needs, evaluative attitude to various phenomena of the surrounding world, etc.).
The result of enculturation is the similarity of a person with other members of a given culture and his difference from representatives of other cultures. By its nature, the process of enculturation is more complex than the process of socialization.
The content of the inculturation process is personal development, social communication, and the acquisition of basic life support skills.
The main mechanisms of enculturation are imitation (repetition by people of habitual behavioral skills observed in the behavior of other people) and identification (during which children learn the behavior of their parents). In addition to these positive mechanisms of enculturation, there are also negative mechanisms - shame and guilt.
The main agents of socialization and enculturation are family, peer group, educational institutions, mass media, various political and public organizations.
At different stages of life, these factors act differently.
In early childhood, the family plays a leading role in the formation of a person. Other factors come into play as well.
The processes of socialization and inculturation are long-term, they operate throughout a person's life. As a result of socialization and inculturation, a person acquires the ability to independently master the socio-cultural reality, accumulates his own life experience, and begins to play various social roles.
Author: Barysheva A.D.
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