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8. CULTURAL NORMS
Cultural norms are an important means of regulating people's behavior.
State-established norms are the official expression of cultural norms.
But legal norms do not exhaust the whole variety of norms operating in society.
cultural norms arise already at the earliest stages of human evolution. With the help of sign systems of culture, they are passed on from generation to generation and turn into “habits” of society - customs, traditions.
Different cultures have different degrees of normativity.
Regulatory “inadequacy” can lead to negative phenomena - an increase in crime, a decline in morality, and disorganization of social relations. But normative “redundancy” can also become an obstacle to social progress.
Cultural norms unify people's behavior, ensure uniformity and consistency of their collective actions. Following cultural norms is a necessary condition for organizing the joint life of people, maintaining public order.
Cultural norms often represent procedural rules, methods, programs of activities aimed at obtaining the desired result (production and technical standards, secrets of professional skills, methods of activity).
Cultural norms are usually divided into general cultural, group и role-playing.
to common cultural norms These include rules of behavior in public places - on the street, in public transport, a store, a theater; rules of common courtesy; civil rights and obligations, etc.
Group norms can be both patterns of behavior characteristic of a certain class, social stratum or social group, and special rules that individual groups, communities or organizations establish for themselves (the norms of the first group are the rules of secular etiquette, noble honor, military regulations, etc.; norms of the second type - norms of behavior in a club, company, etc.).
Role norms determine the nature of the behavior of a person in a certain social position (the role of a leader, buyer, parent, etc.).
Society exercises social control over people's behavior, stimulating normative and suppressing deviant (deviant) behavior.
The main mechanisms of social control are public opinion and administrative management.
The control over observance of norms and their protection from violations are indispensable conditions for the existence of culture. Society is interested in this because the observance of sociocultural norms ensures the safety of human interaction, while deviations from the norms are fraught with unpredictable consequences.
Author: Barysheva A.D.
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