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45. DEFINITION OF THE RESEARCH METHOD
The concept of "method" (from the Greek word methodos - "way") means a set of methods and operations of theoretical or practical development of reality.
The method equips a person with a system of principles, requirements, rules, guided by which he can achieve the intended goal.
The method is one of the criteria for distinguishing a separate science from the whole variety of knowledge.
The doctrine of the method began to develop in the science of modern times. Its representatives considered the method a guideline in the movement towards true knowledge.
Currently, there is a whole field of knowledge that is specifically concerned with the study of methods and which is usually called methodology.
By studying the patterns of cognitive human activity, the methodology develops methods for its implementation on this basis.
The most important task of methodology is to study the origin, essence, effectiveness and other characteristics of cognitive methods.
In the methodology of scientific research, it is customary to single out general scientific и private scientific methods.
The most common are philosophical methods. Among scientific methods, empirical and theoretical levels of knowledge are usually considered.
Empirical level of scientific knowledge characterized by a direct study of real-life, sensually perceived objects. At this level, the process of accumulating information about the objects and phenomena under study is carried out by conducting observations, performing various measurements, and setting up experiments.
Theoretical level of scientific research is carried out at the rational (logical) level of cognition. At this level, the most profound, essential aspects, connections, patterns inherent in the studied objects and phenomena are revealed. The theoretical level represents a higher level in scientific knowledge. The results of theoretical knowledge are hypotheses, theories, laws.
It should be borne in mind that the method itself does not predetermine success in the knowledge of certain aspects of reality. It is also important to be able to apply the method correctly in the process of cognition. And for this you need to know the subject of research.
The methodology of modern knowledge is characterized by: convergence of the methods of natural science and social sciences and humanities; search for new research methods; the widespread introduction of the apparatus of hermeneutics and other understanding sciences, which ensures the convergence of explanatory and interpretive approaches; active introduction of the ideas and methods of synergetics into scientific knowledge, the increase in connection with this probabilistic methods and techniques, etc.
Author: Barysheva A.D.
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