19. RELATIONSHIP OF CULTURE AND HISTORY

Culture is closely connected with history. The intersection of these phenomena is inevitable.

Firstly, the historical approach (the study of society in specific forms and conditions of its existence for a certain time) extends to the sphere of human cultural activity, which cannot be considered outside the general historical picture of society. In turn, many fundamental conclusions of history are impossible without taking into account the processes occurring in the sphere of culture.

Secondly, the cultural development of a person makes him an increasingly significant factor in the historical process, ensuring that history is filled with humanistic content and meaning.

Already at the dawn of the formation of historical knowledge, in the field of observations and reflections of researchers, there were as "historical facts" all aspects of the life of the societies and peoples observed and described by them, including cultural ones proper. The description of mores, customs, deeds, deeds prevailed.

Gradually, historical knowledge evolved from descriptive and observational practice to explanatory history. Scientific explanation was based on the establishment of causal relationships between events and facts, on the transition of knowledge from the fixation of phenomena to the elucidation of their inner nature, i.e., knowledge of the essence of historical actions.

A significant role in this process was played by science, which was called the philosophy of history. Its origin dates back to the XNUMXth century. and is associated with the names of prominent thinkers J. Vico, I. G. Herder etc. The history of philosophy seeks to comprehend and explain the meaning of history, including the history of culture in its material and spiritual expression. An example is the problem of mentality. It is in the history of spiritual culture that this concept is filled with concrete content. The mental foundations (systems of values, ideas, worldviews) of different cultures and eras determine the specifics of the cultural and historical behavior of people, influence the formation of their entire way of life.

A special direction of research, concentrating on the problems of the historical dynamics of culture, the origin of cultural phenomena, is taking shape in the depths of cultural studies. This direction is called historical culturology, which explores not only the dynamics of functioning and changes in the life of various communities. She is primarily interested in the content and meanings embodied in the results of their activities, which are formed in real historical space and time and reflect the social experience of the existence of communities.

States the facts, describes the events and achievements of culture history of culture.

Author: Barysheva A.D.

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