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59. MODERNIZATION OF CULTURE
The word modernization is of French origin: moderne - "newest", "modern".
In cultural studies cultural modernization refers to the process of cultural change of an innovative nature.
Modernization is opposed by reverse trends - conservation, traditionalism (or traditionalism). In any culture, these two principles are present, but in various specific historical conditions they manifest themselves in different ways.
The process of modernization of culture can have a narrow meaning: it no longer refers to the changes that occur in any era, but only those changes that occur in the cultural life of people at the present stage.
In this case, the modernization of culture is understood as the process of bringing this or that social formation in line with modern, current ideas about the forms and methods of cultural practice.
The term "modernization" is directly related to the theories of modernization, which constitute an influential branch of an even more general theory of development.
Within the framework of modernization theories, the process of "modernization" of socio-cultural life is considered as the main mechanism of social development.
An important point of this process is the change in social structures - economic, social, political (in the process of industrialization, urbanization, rationalization, democratization, etc.).
Modernization theories were used in relation to traditional societies, which were to come closer economically and technologically to the state of advanced industrial societies.
These theories proceeded from the priority of the capitalist socio-economic model and Western rational-individualistic culture. They were presented as a kind of universal model, to which all mankind should aspire.
But the transfer of modern technologies and financial investments to traditional countries did not lead to a positive result - it did not bring them closer to the number of advanced ones, but, on the contrary, led to social tension and destabilization. Then theories of “lagging”, “dead-end”, “fragmentary”, “wrong” modernizations, etc. appeared.
In later concepts of modernization, the emphasis was already on the study of the possibilities of traditional societies to "modernize" on their own basis, outside the economic context. Of particular interest were the socio-cultural and political factors of their development.
In cultural studies, the theory of modernization is associated primarily with the name of the American political scientist S. Huntington, who made a great contribution to the study of civilizational processes.
Author: Barysheva A.D.
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