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27. TRADITIONAL AND MODERN CULTURES
Traditional culture (or type of society) is a culture that focuses in its development not on change, but on maintaining the established cultural order.
A distinctive feature of traditional culture is the unswerving adherence to patterns of behavior adopted from previous generations - customs, rites, rituals, traditions.
These samples are acquired from childhood from the elders (this is connected with the obligatory respect for the elders in traditional culture), who act as the guardians of the accumulated life experience.
Traditional culture is characterized by a high level of normativity, which covers all aspects of people's lives. Public opinion has enormous power in these cultures. The possibilities for the manifestation of individual principles in traditional culture are minimal.
Attempts of creativity aimed at updating the traditional norms of life and activities in traditional culture are not approved. This type of culture is focused on the preservation of originality, cultural identity, so traditional societies can remain practically unchanged for centuries.
Traditional culture is pre-industrial, usually unwritten, and its main occupation is agriculture. Traditional culture organically interacts with nature and is one with it.
Often, along with the term "traditional culture" the concept of "primitive culture" is used. However, it is wrong to identify traditional culture with a primitive beginning. According to K. Lévi-Strauss, a person of a traditional society in his spiritual and physical characteristics is not inferior to representatives of modern culture. His intellectual resources are equally rich and varied.
Traditional societies still exist in South America, Africa, and Australia. In the rural areas of developed countries, there is also a tendency to preserve the traditional way of life.
Therefore, even within the same country there can coexist two types of culture - modern and traditional.
In modern society the basic values are innovation, knowledge, education. The modern type of culture is characterized by fairly rapid changes occurring in the process of continuous modernization.
The authority of the older generation in modern culture is not as high as in traditional culture, so the conflict of generations (fathers and children) is clearly expressed in it.
Modern culture is unified and industrial. Such a culture exists primarily in urban reality. This culture is in disharmony with nature, and this process is deepening, which creates a threat to the existence of humanity.
Author: Barysheva A.D.
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