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23. NATURE AND CULTURE
Culture is usually called second nature. This leads to a conflict between two principles - culture and nature.
But culture, being second nature, does not lose its material existence. The absence of materiality would make the very existence of the spiritual state problematic.
Man came out of nature, and therefore nature determines many aspects of human life. Man finds everything necessary to satisfy the needs of physical existence in nature. Using the resources of nature, a person reveals his own natural potential.
Culture is born from the interaction of man and nature. All cultural objects have a natural, material basis. In this regard, although culture opposes nature as a cultivated nature, at the same time it forms a unity with it, since it is based on a natural component, and nature itself acts as a prerequisite and condition for the existence of culture. Culture transforms what is given by nature.
As a result of human activity, nature changes and is completed, and human life becomes more convenient and comfortable. But mastering nature also includes mastering the inner nature of man himself, which is associated with the emergence of certain norms and prohibitions regulating human life, the birth of spiritual culture - morality, religion, art.
At present, the material and spiritual aspects of culture are not absolutized. Much attention is paid to the study of the holistic process of transformation of one form of being into another, the relationship of these parties.
Relations in system "nature - culture" may be different. In relation to nature, a person can show humility, worship it, deify it. But a pragmatic attitude towards nature - its conquest and subordination to man - has become more widespread.
The active development of this approach has led modern civilization to an ecological crisis that has threatened the very existence of not only nature, but also humanity.
This alarming situation requires a significant revision of the logic of the development of modern civilization.
Radical transformations in the culture of nature led to the fact that a person, according to a famous scientist A. Peccei, proved culturally unable to keep up with the times and fully adapt to the changes that he himself brought to this world. Many problems of natural-cultural interaction can be solved not outside the human being, but from within him. Therefore, many researchers see a way out of the critical situation in improving the nature of man himself, moving towards human ecological self-sufficiency.
Author: Barysheva A.D.
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