History of world and domestic culture. Russian architecture of the 17th century. The Rise of Civic Architecture (Most Important)

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History of world and domestic culture. Russian architecture of the 17th century. The Rise of Civic Architecture (Most Important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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33. Russian architecture of the XNUMXth century. Rise of civil architecture

In the XNUMXth century Significant changes have affected architecture. After the Time of Troubles, stone architecture began to revive. In Moscow, the walls and towers of the Kremlin are being restored; above its main gate, Spassky, a beautiful tent superstructure is erected, this gives the tower a festive and solemn look. Another new detail appears in the appearance of the tower - the chimes.

The main building material was still wood. The pinnacle of wooden architecture of the 1667th century. is the luxurious royal palace in Kolomenskoye (1668-XNUMX), dismantled "for dilapidation" a century later, under Catherine II. The Tsar's Palace in Kolomenskoye consisted of multi-framed choirs placed on basements (lower floors of economic importance). The facades of residential front rooms were richly decorated with carved architraves and various endings in the form of tents, barrels, cubed and ledge roofs.

The rise of civil architecture, clearly manifested in the late XV - early XVI century. in the construction of the Kremlin Palace, had a worthy continuation in the XNUMXth century. On an unprecedented scale were built:

1) palaces;

2) administrative buildings;

3) residential buildings;

4) guest yards.

The architectural appearance of these buildings reflected the desire of architects to create completely new types of buildings, to develop a new style.

The Terem Palace of the Moscow Kremlin, built in 1635-1636, seemed to defy the building traditions of the previous century with its size and magnificent decor.

Gradually, the volume of brick construction increased - mainly the buildings of government agencies, commercial and industrial enterprises. The use of multi-colored tiles, figured bricks, and white stone details began, which gave the buildings a festive look.

The rapidly developing trade needed modern trading yards for Russian and foreign merchants. The Gostiny Dvor in Arkhangelsk (1668-1684) was built according to a special plan within the boundaries of a closed courtyard.

The residential architecture of the province reflected local traditions. Often, wooden chambers towered above the stone chambers, living in which was considered more beneficial to health. At this time, the principle of regularity gradually began to prevail in architectural buildings.

At the end of the XVII century. a new style of temple architecture arises - the Moscow baroque, which was used to build small churches in the estates of Russian nobles. It was in this style that the Church of the Intercession in Fili was built.

Moscow baroque architecture became a bridge between Byzantine and European.

Author: Konstantinova S.V.

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