History of world and domestic culture. General characteristics of Russian culture in the 16th century. Life and social thought (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
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History of world and domestic culture. General characteristics of Russian culture in the 16th century. Life and social thought (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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29. General characteristics of the culture of Russia in the XVI century. Life and social thought

The process of folding a single centralized state was reflected in the development of Russian culture. Many features of the development of local cultural traditions were lost. Entire icon-painting schools disappeared, as happened, for example, with Tver icon-painting.

Art of the XNUMXth century closely related to the interests of the state. In the reign of Ivan IV, the state began to directly control art. Such measures, of course, harmed art, encouraging handicraft and thoughtless repetition of "models". Second half of the XNUMXth century turned out to be unfavorable for the development of Russian culture. Due to the crises of domestic and foreign policy, as well as the disasters of the late XVI century. many cultural processes go deep and declare themselves again only in the next century.

In the writings of religious freethinkers-heretics of the XNUMXth century. bold judgments are preached about the need for a "cheap" church, the meaninglessness of church sacraments and icons.

A notable feature of the XNUMXth century - the rise of journalism. The most important issues of society become the subject of wide discussion not only by ecclesiastical, but also by secular authors.

In the middle and third quarter of the century, a whole galaxy of publicists appeared with their works. I. S. Peresvetov in the fall of 1549 submitted proposals for reforms to the young Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible. Ermolai-Erasmus, an opponent of non-acquisitive people and heretics, proposes to alleviate the situation of the peasants.

The most prominent publicists of the oprichnina era were Tsar Ivan the Terrible and his opponent, Prince Andrei Kurbsky. The prince, who fled from Russia to Lithuania from the repressions unleashed by the hypochondriac and cruel tsar, exposes his behavior and terrorist methods of government.

In "The Tale of the Princes of Vladimir" the most important ideas of the official doctrine of autocracy were substantiated, and the family of Moscow sovereigns was erected to "August Caesar".

The question of the nature of power was discussed in the controversy between the Josephites and nonpossessors. Nil Sorsky (the leader of the nonpossessors) did not take part in the controversy, but his student, the former disgraced prince Vassian Patrikeyev, paid great attention to it.

The ideology of the Orthodox Church was developed in such journalistic works as the messages of the Elder of the Pskov-Caves Monastery Philotheus (in the 20s), "The Tale of the Novgorod White Klobuk", the creation of which a number of researchers date back to the 1453th century. These works preach the ideas of the sinfulness of the entire Catholic faith and the role of Russia as the only center of true Christianity after the fall of Constantinople in XNUMX.

Author: Konstantinova S.V.

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