History of world and domestic culture. Features of Renaissance culture. Science, literature and social thought (most important)

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History of world and domestic culture. Features of Renaissance culture. Science, literature and social thought (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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17. Features of the culture of the Renaissance. Science, literature and social thought

Renaissance (French "Renaissance") is a phenomenon of cultural development in a number of countries of Central and Western Europe. Chronologically, the Renaissance covers the period of the XIV-XVI centuries. At the same time, until the end of the XV century. The Renaissance remained largely an Italian phenomenon.

The Renaissance is an era of great economic and social transformations in the life of many European states, an era of humanism and enlightenment.

Ideas about the person himself are changing. The most important feature of the Renaissance worldview was individualism. Another characteristic feature of the new worldview was the awakening of national self-consciousness.

Another interesting feature is the phenomenon of the Northern Renaissance in the countries of Central and Northern Europe. In the Netherlands, the Middle Ages still dominated the way of life of people, so the urban culture of the Netherlands gave a different kind of Renaissance. A characteristic feature of the North was the deepening of culture into the inner world of man.

During the Renaissance, great discoveries were made in:

1) astronomy (N. Copernicus, J. Bruno, I. Kepler, G. Galileo);

2) medicine (F. Paracelsus and others);

3) mathematics (J. Cardano and others);

4) geography;

5) geology;

6) zoology;

7) botany, etc.

Invention I. Gutenberg in the middle of the 15th century. printing, the emergence of newspapers made it possible for more people to come into contact with the printed word.

The nature and content of the new era was expressed in many ways by fiction. The first sprouts of humanistic ideology found their expression in the work of Dante.

Major writers of the Italian Renaissance:

1) Dante Alighieri (1265-1321);

2) Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375);

3) Francesca Petrarch (1304-1374).

A prominent writer of the Renaissance was Nicolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) - politician of the late Renaissance. The most important figure in the European Renaissance was Erasmus of Rotterdam (1469-1536) - writer, philologist, philosopher, theologian, author of works on pedagogy, translator from Greek and Latin. The most vividly advanced ideas of the French Renaissance were embodied in the works of Rabelais, Ronsard and other writers who attached great importance to literature and art in the affirmation of humanistic ideals.

The work of prominent Spanish humanists of the era, such as M. Cervantes (1547-1616), Lope de Vega (1562-1635) and others, were characterized by a deep national-historical content, patriotism, and a high appreciation of human dignity. England also saw the greatest upsurge of literary creativity. It is enough to name the brilliant playwright and poet W. Shakespeare (1564-1616).

Author: Konstantinova S.V.

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