History of world and domestic culture. General characteristics of the culture of the 20-30s. XX century Education and science. Sport. Literature. Public life. Cinema. Theater (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

History of world and domestic culture. General characteristics of the culture of the 20-30s. XX century Education and science. Sport. Literature. Public life. Cinema. Theater (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Comments on the article

Table of contents (expand)

48. General characteristics of the culture of the 20-30s. XNUMXth century Education and science. Sport. Literature. Public life. Cinema. Theatre

Cultural life of the Soviet Union in the 1920-30s. contradictory: the elimination of illiteracy of the adult population, familiarization with the achievements of culture, ideological pressure, the fight against any manifestations of dissent, the persecution of religion, the expulsion of prominent cultural figures from the country and repression against those who remained.

The state ideology put forward socialist realism as the main artistic method - academic art, designed to educate people in the spirit of communist morality. In 1932, all independent associations were banned by a special government decree.

Theorists of Russian Marxism in the 1920s. They established a stamp in ideology according to which a “cultural revolution” took place during this period. The population census in 1920 revealed 54 million illiterate people in the country, so the task of eliminating illiteracy was one of the main ones. Thousands of literacy schools (educational schools) were created.

By the end of the 30s. in all the union republics there were higher educational institutions, and in all their capitals - universities.

The leaders of the Soviet government also took measures to develop sports: athletes were awarded orders, were given cash prizes, and were awarded the title of Honored Masters of Sports of the USSR.

In 1932, the first All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers took place. Two years later, the Union of Writers of the USSR was created under the leadership of M. Gorky.

In the early 1920s poetry dominated literature. There are also new stories and novels by major prose masters - for example, A. Tolstoy ("Walking through the torments" (1921). Against the backdrop of the revolutionary era, works of a symbolist and formalist nature became widespread. From the second half of the 1920s, literary works began to be filled with the same stamps, the range of plot topics was limited.

The Church, as the bearer of the spiritual values of the people, could not come to terms with the Bolshevik approach to culture and education of the masses, which was accompanied by the replacement of universal values with class criteria. Hence the merciless struggle against religion launched by Soviet power in the 1920-1930s.

Cinema still plays an important role. Talented directors, cameramen, actors created films that had an indelible impact on the minds of people ("Bright Way", "Volga-Volga", "Pig and Shepherd").

On the stages of many famous theaters (MKhAT, Maly Theatre), along with the classics in the 1920s. plays by new playwrights on revolutionary themes were staged.

Author: Konstantinova S.V.

<< Back: Painting, architecture and sculpture of the Silver Age

>> Forward: Painting, architecture and sculpture of the 20-30s. XNUMXth century

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ Nervous diseases. Lecture notes

▪ Accounting financial accounting. Crib

▪ Finance. Lecture notes

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

crystalline cellulose 02.07.2015

Everyone talks about cellulose fibers, pulp, but what is crystalline cellulose? The fiber consists of nanofibrils, nanofibrils - of polymer filaments, and in some areas long cellulose molecules are firmly connected by hydrogen bonds and highly ordered, while in others they have an amorphous structure.

Cellulose, purified from lignin and hemicellulose, is soft and fibrous. But if it is treated, for example, with a strong acid or an enzyme that destroys the disordered sections of the polymer, then miniature needles of nanometer diameter will remain, consisting of tightly packed fragments of glucose chains. These needles - crystalline nanocellulose (CNC) - are stronger than Kevlar and carbon fiber, and cost ten times less. Their output is about 30% of the pulp mass, they hope to bring the price in mass production to several dollars per kilogram. In addition, cellulose nanocrystals are transparent, and nanocrystalline cellulose films have interesting optical properties.

Cellulose fibers, or nanofibrils, of nanometer diameter and a few micrometers long, are also useful materials; they can be used to make nanocomposites, films for various filters, and solutions of cellulose nanofibers have unusual physical properties. Unlike many other nanoparticles, nanocellulose is completely biocompatible and does not inspire fear in the most ardent environmentalists. These materials have an important disadvantage - high hygroscopicity: even small particles of wood tend to bind water. But here the cards are already in the hands of chemists and technologists.

Hydrophobic, plastic and transparent nanocellulose films have recently been obtained by a group of Japanese researchers who have been working for many years with cellulose nanofibers oxidized with NaClO in the presence of (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)-oxyl (TEMPO or TO for short) and bromide. sodium. During oxidation, free surface -CH2OH groups are converted into carboxyl -COO-; the researchers called such nanofibers TOCN. In this work, the Japanese obtained films by drying an aqueous TOCN dispersion with quaternary alkylamines, molecules in which four alkyl chains are attached to one positively charged nitrogen atom. Alkylamines became counterions for carboxylate surface groups and imparted plasticity to the film - alkyl chains cover its surface and occupy the space between nanofibers.

In addition, the nanocellulose film became water-repellent: if tetra(n-butyl)-ammonium is used, then the contact angle with water reaches 100°. Such nanofibrils can be a filler in hydrophobic polymer matrices.

Other interesting news:

▪ E-bike with face recognition

▪ New series of wet tantalum capacitors with maximum capacitance

▪ Created the largest virtual model of the universe

▪ Router ZTE 5G Indoor CPE MC8020

▪ Mobile devices ruin sleep

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ site section Welding equipment. Article selection

▪ article In the boldest sense of the word. Popular expression

▪ article Who Invented Shorthand? Detailed answer

▪ Aloe article. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ article Radio transmitter with compact loop antenna. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Cane and flowers. Focus Secret

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews